A multipatch model is proposed to study the impact of travel on the spatial spread of disease between patches with different level of disease prevalence. The basic reproduction number for the ith patch in isolation is obtained along with the basic reproduction number of the system of patches, Re(0). Inequalities describing the relationship between these numbers are also given. For a two-patch m...

Starfish have a wide range of feeding habits, including starfish, sea urchins, cucumbers, corals, abalones, scallops, and many other marine organisms with economic or ecological value. The starfish outbreak in coastal areas will lead to severe losses aquaculture damage the environment. However, current monitoring methods are still artificial, time-consuming, laborious. This study used an underw...