Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) is often used to simulate blood loss in humans. It is unknown if cerebral blood flow responses to actual blood loss are analogous to simulated blood loss during LBNP. Nine healthy men were studied at baseline, during three levels of LBNP (5 min at -15, -30, and -45 mmHg), and during three levels of blood loss (333, 667, and 1,000 ml). LBNP and blood loss cond...

Many studies have assessed short-term effects of weight loss on blood pressure, whereas little attention has been paid to long-term effects. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the long-term effects of weight loss on hypertension outcome measures in adults using literature published from 1966 to 2001. All prospective studies and trials, performed on participants with body mass index of...

Flow characteristics of low Reynolds number laminar flow through gradually expanding conical and planar diffusers were investigated. Such diffusers are used in valveless micropumps to effect flow rectification and thus lead to pumping action in one preferential direction. Four different types of diffuser flows are considered: fully developed and thin inlet boundary layer flows through conical a...

Many studies have assessed short-term effects of weight loss on blood pressure, whereas little attention has been paid to long-term effects. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the long-term effects of weight loss on hypertension outcome measures in adults using literature published from 1966 to 2001. All prospective studies and trials, performed on participants with body mass index of...

Permanent visual loss is a devastating yet preventable complication of cryptococcal meningitis. Early and aggressive management of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in conjunction with antifungal therapy is required. Historically, the mechanisms of visual loss in cryptococcal meningitis have included optic neuritis and papilloedema. Hence, the basis of visual loss therapy has been steroid therapy an...

The aim of this work was to examine a possible association between resistance of two Escherichia coli strains to high hydrostatic pressure and the susceptibility of their cell membranes to pressure-induced damage. Cells were exposed to pressures between 100 and 700 MPa at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees C) in phosphate-buffered-saline. In the more pressure-sensitive strain E. coli 81...

Doppler-derived gradients may overestimate total pressure loss in degenerative and prosthetic aortic valve stenosis (AS) due to unaccounted pressure recovery distal to the orifice. However, in congenitally bicuspid valves, jet eccentricity may result in a higher anatomic-to-effective orifice contraction ratio, resulting in an increased pressure loss at the valve and a reduced pressure recovery ...

We report a retrospective study of 60 eyes from 46 patients all with primary open-angle glaucoma who had a trabeculectomy to one or both eyes. A minimum five-year follow-up was available. The percentage pressure reductions at the one and five years postoperatively is shown. In a subgroup of 50 eyes which had Goldman fields documented at least six-monthly for a minimum of five years postoperativ...

In the conscious rabbit, exposure to an air jet stressor increases arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. During hemorrhage, air jet exposure extends the blood loss necessary to produce hypotension. It is possible that this enhanced defense of arterial pressure is a general characteristic of stressors. However, some stressors such as oscillation (OSC), although they increase arteria...