Accurate predictions of the sea state–dependent air–sea momentum flux require a thorough understanding of the wave boundary layer turbulence over surface waves. A set of momentum and energy equations is derived to formulate and analyze wave boundary layer turbulence. The equations are written in wavefollowing coordinates, and all variables are decomposed into horizontalmean, wave fluctuation, a...

PURPOSE Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation has recently been identified as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. Further, decreases in intracranial pressure (ICP), with postulated increases in the translaminar pressure gradient across the lamina cribrosa, has been reported in glaucoma patients. We hypothesized that circadian fluctuations in IOP and the translaminar pressure gradient are i...

We discuss the possibility of weak first order transition in the domain of pressure induced phase transitions in a quantum ferroelectric as a consequence of order parameter fluctuations. We start with a semi-microscopic Hamiltonian, where polarization fluctuations are controlled by hydrostatic pressure via strain coupling, which above certain strength of coupling constant, kills second order tr...

We conduct grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and a free-energy analysis for a simplified model of a stacked-layer porous coordination polymer to understand the gate phenomenon, which is a structural transition of a host framework induced by the adsorption of guest particles. Our calculations demonstrate that stabilization of the system due to the guest adsorption causes host deformation u...

The goal of this research is to determine how spectral analysis of pressure fluctuations can be used as a diagnostic and design tool for both bubbling fluidized beds (BFB) and circulating fluidized beds (CFB). Static pressure fluctuations are measured from two BFB models, two CFB models, and two Pyropower CFB boilers located at the ISU power plant/cogeneration facility. Analyzing the fluctuatio...

This study focuses on dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers near full hydration. Volumetric data and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray data are used in a method that compares DOPC with well determined gel phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). The key structural quantity obtained is fully hydrated area/lipid A0 = 72.2 +/- 1.1 A2 at 30 degrees C, from which other quantities such as t...

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may serve to enhance pulmonary gas exchange efficiency by matching pulmonary blood flow with lung volume within each respiratory cycle. We examined the hypothesis that RSA is augmented as an active physiological response to hypercapnia. We measured electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure during progressive hypercapnia in conscious dogs that were prepare...