We study the quantum particle creation in a toy model of spherically symmetric gravitational collapse whose final product is not black hole but gravastar. Precedent studies revealed that even case to form horizonless ultracompact object, thermal radiation named transient Hawking generated at late stage collapse, and sudden stop collapsing motion object causes one or two bursts creation. The ver...

The recent judgement in the case of Re:M in which the Court held that it would be unlawful to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from a woman in a minimally conscious state raises a number of ethical issues of wide application. Central to these is the extent to which precedent autonomous decisions should be respected in the absence of a legally binding advance decision. Well-being inte...

Medical ethicists have assumed a role in justifyingpublic voyeurism of human “curiosities.” This rolehas precedent in how scientists and natural philoso-phers once legitimized the marketing of museums of“human curiosities.” At the beginning of the twenti-eth century, physicians dissociated themselves fromentrepreneurial displays of persons with anomalies,and such com...

Legal precedent establishes juvenile offenders as inherently less culpable than adult offenders and thus protects juveniles from the most severe of punishments. But how fragile might these protections be? In the present study, simply bringing to mind a Black (vs. White) juvenile offender led participants to view juveniles in general as significantly more similar to adults in their inherent culp...

The publication of scientific information that derives from dual use research of concern (DURC) poses major problems for journals because it brings into conflict the benefits of free access to data and the need to prevent misuse of that information by others. Recently, a group of authors and a major scientific journal addressed the issue of publishing information on a newly discovered, highly l...

Many theories of judicial politics have at their core the concepts of legal significance, doctrinal development and evolution, and the dynamics of precedent. Despite rigorous theoretical conceptualization, these concepts remain empirically elusive. We propose the use of a genealogical model (or “family tree”) to describe the Court’s construction of precedent over time. We describe statistical a...

We report on an experiment examining behavior and equilibrium selection in two similar, infinitely repeated games, Stag Hunt and Prisoner’s Dilemma under anonymous random matching. We are interested in the role that historical precedents may play for equilibrium selection between these two repeated games. We find that a precedent for efficient play in the repeated Stag Hunt game does not carry ...

Problem: Unsustainable Design Processes for the Built Environment In the coming decades, project teams will design unprecedented numbers of new and renovated buildings and infrastructure, but the design methods used today are for the most part unsustainable -financially, environmentally, and culturally. As resources, such as land, energy, water, and materials become increasingly scarce and the ...