: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available toothpastes which are non-fluoridated, fluoridated and one containing prebiotic ingredient on s . Antimicrobial activities prebiotic, fluoridated, non-fluoridated were assessed at different concentrations (100ug, 200ug, 300ug 400ug). Since toothpaste had other proven agents, 100% inulin extract from chicory (prebiotic) was...

There are significant challenges in forming testable hypotheses regarding abiogenesis (i.e., the origin of life); for example, the original environment on the early Earth during the process of abiogenesis is a matter of debate [although it was significantly different from the current environment (Oparin, 1952; Hazen et al., 2008)]. Furthermore, the process of abiogenesis occurred over a time sc...

An in vivo experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores, with and without prebiotic, inulin, on gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of healthy rats and its potentiality to survive in the GI tract. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=12) and fed as follows: standard diet (control), standard diet supplied with 5% w/w long cha...