Recent advances in the molecular and genetic analysis of mouse development have made it possible to address the molecular basis of processes involved in pattern formation and morphogenesis (for reviews see Rossant and Joyner, 1989; Gridley, 1991; Gossler and Balling, 1992; Rossant and Hopkins, 1992). This has been illustrated by the recent characterization of mouse mutants, which has led to the...

Polydactyly is a common congenital digital variation of the hand and foot, which is characterized by supernumerary digits. This condition can occur in one limb or can be exceptionally present in all four limbs; a condition called tetrapolydactyly. It may appear as isolated or in association with other birth defects. Polydactyly might be pre-axial, postaxial and central type, the post-axial bein...

In most of the reported pedigrees on human polydactyly, the manifestation of the trait has been attributed to a single autosomal dominant gene. That this gene is not always penetrant and exhibits a great degree of variable expressibility has been stressed by various authors (listed by Gates, 1946, and McKusick, 1966). By contrast, recessive polydactyly has been described by only a few authors (...

Syndactyly and polydactyly-respectively characterized by fused and supernumerary digits-are among the most common congenital limb malformations, with syndactyly presenting at an estimated incidence of 1 in 2,000-3,000 live births and polydactyly at a frequency of 1 in approximately 700-1,000 live births. Despite their relatively regular manifestation in the clinic, the etiologies of syndactyly ...

The Pallister-Hall syndrome is characterised by specific facial anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, imperforate anus, and brain anomalies including a diencephalic hamartoblastoma. The hallmarks of the McKusick-Kaufmann syndrome are hydrocolpos owing to vaginal atresia, postaxial polydactyly, imperforate anus, and congenital heart defects. We report a patient with the unique features of hydrocolpo...

Polydactyly, a common heritable limb malformation in vertebrates, is characterized by supernumerary digits. In chickens, basic characteristics and rough dominant genes have been explored in past decades; however, the elaborate pattern of inheritance and the determinant gene remain obscure. In this study, different types of polydactylism were classified by the numbers and the shapes of toes, inc...

Polydactyly is a common hereditary disorder in which extra or vestigial digits are present on the one or both sides of the extremities. It is ten times more frequent in Blacks than in Whites. Polydactyly occurs both in a sporadic form and in a hereditary form. In polydactyly type A, the extra digits contains phalanges, in polydactyly type B, there is no skeletal structure. The extra digit is ma...

BACKGROUND Polydactyly of the foot is one of the most frequent anomalies of the limbs. However, most classification systems are based solely on morphology and tend to be inaccurate and less relevant to surgical methods and results. The purpose of this study is to present our new classification of polydactyly of the foot, which can serve as a predictor of treatment and prognosis. METHODS To fi...

Short-rib polydactyly syndrome is an autosomal recessively inherited lethal skeletal dysplasia. The syndrome is characterized by marked narrow fetal thorax, short extremities, micromelia, cleft palate/lip, polydactyly, cardiac and renal abnormalities, and genital malformations. In cases with pulmonary hypoplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn can develop. In this paper, we pr...