the present study was conducted in the central region of khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk), pakistan comprising seven districts: peshawar, charsadda, nowshera, mardan, swabi, kohat and hangu, during 2010. the objective was to analyze the perceived effect of farmer field school (ffs) approach on farmers’ capacity in controlling pre- and post- harvest losses. descriptive statistics were used to analyze th...

the present study was designed in quasi-experiment to assess adoption of the essential clauses of particular clinical laboratory quality management requirements based on international organization for standardization (iso 15189) in hospital laboratories and to evaluate the cost effectiveness of compliance to iso 15189.the quality management intervention based on iso 15189 was conceded through t...

previous studies have suggested that ketamine, an n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist, provides a pre-emptive analgesic effect and pre-emptive analgesia improves postoperative pain management. the aim of this study was to determine the effict of pre-incisional vs. post-incisional intravenous low dose of racemic ketamine in postoperative pain in children undergoing inguinal hernia re...

abstract to investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and girl students were randomly selected (97 boys, 93 girls) and assigned to experimental and control groups (88 experimental, 102 control). ...

Background: To determine the association between pre-conception obesity and screening results of pre-natal and post-natal anxiety in women referred to the health centers of Tabriz, Iran. Methods: 62 obese (class 2-3) and 245 normal-weight women were enrolled in the first trimester of pregnancy through the cohort study and followed up 1 year after childbirth from December 2012 to January 2016. ...

We study a game-theoretic model where political parties can form coalitions both before and after the elections. Before election, coalitions can commit to a seat-sharing arrangement, but not to a policy or to a division of rents from o¢ ce; coalition members are free to break up and join other coalitions after the election. Equilibrium pre-electoral coalitions are not necessarily made up of the...

We study a game-theoretic model where three political parties (left, median and right) can form coalitions both before and after the election. Before the election, coalitions can commit to a seat-sharing arrangement, but not to a policy platform or a division of rents from office; coalition members are free to break up and join other coalitions after the election. Equilibrium pre-electoral coal...

Background: Abdominal pain is a common presentation that requires almost immediate management. It is sometimes crucial to diagnose at the earliest and make a decision as to operate. Therefore it is necessary for the physician to be familiar both with the presentations of common causes of abdominal pain and the validity of diagnostic tests. Diagnosis of acute abdomen before laparotomy is essenti...

Electrocardiographic changes can be present in marathon runners. These findings may be misinterpreted as malignant by healthcare providers. For example, incomplete right bundle branch block, early ventricular repolarization, and left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage criteria alone are quite common in athletes, yet considered benign.

The pre/post debate involves the question of whether long-term potentiation (LTP) is mediated by enhancement of release, enhancement of postsynaptic receptors, or both. Recent papers have presented evidence for purely postsynaptic or purely presynaptic changes, and a paper by Ahmed and Siegelbam (in this issue of Neuron) suggests a mechanism by which release is enhanced. This debate is increasi...