This work reports electrothermal MEMS parallel plate-rotation (PPR) for a single-imager based stereoscopic endoscope. A thin optical plate was directly connected to an electrothermal MEMS microactuator with bimorph structures of thin silicon and aluminum layers. The fabricated MEMS PPR device precisely rotates an transparent optical plate up to 37° prior to an endoscopic camera and creates the ...

An outbreak of Peste Des Petites Ruminants (PPR) was investigated in goat flocks in district Chitral, N.W.F.P., Pakistan in June 2006. History, postmortem findings and clinical signs of the disease being suggestive of Peste des Petits Ruminants. 23 serum samples and 09 occular and nasal swabs from the diseased animals were tested for the presence of Peste des Petits Ruminants antibodies and ant...

Antibody response of a live-attenuated Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) cell culture vaccine was studied at Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. For this purpose, one group of five sheep and 5 goats each was vaccinated subcutaneously with 1 ml reconstituted PPR vaccine and second group of five sheep and 5 goats was inoculated with 1 ml saline solution. Blood samples were collected b...

PPR (Pentatricopeptide repeat) proteins are mainly involved in RNA metabolism. In Arabidopsis, the PPR family is composed of more than 450 members; however, only few of them were functionally characterized. In a previous report, ( 1) we identified a novel mitochondrial PPR RNA editing factor, named SLO2, which is responsible for 7 editing events in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutation in SLO...

Retrospective quantitative analysis of epidemiological data on peste des petits ruminants (PPR) from the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Karnataka, southern India, revealed significant information about the disease in this area. In the nine years between April 1998 and March 2007 a total of 624 outbreaks were reported in the state. With the exception of the 12-month pe...

Wetlands are valuable ecosystems that provide many valuable services, yet many of these important ecosystems are at risk because of current trends in climate change. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in the upper-midwest of the United States and south-central Canada, characterized by glacially sculpted landscapes and abundant wetlands, is one such vulnerable region. According to regional/global ...

Aim: To develop a simple mathematical model to assess the losses due to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants in India. Materials and Methods: The study was based on cases and deaths in goats and sheep due to PPR from the average combined data on ovine/caprine as published by Government of India for the last 5 years (2008-2012). All possible direct and indirect losses due to the d...

A possible association between use of snus (Swedish moist snuff) and hand eczema was studied. 27,466 individuals responded to questions regarding hand eczema, tobacco use and other life style factors in a Swedish Public Health Survey in 2006, response rate 58%. Of these persons, 12.2% reported daily snus use (men 22.0%, women 4.3%), 15.5% daily smoking (men 14.4%, women 16.5%). Of snus users 7....