In this paper, an intelligent control strategy based on combination of the “flatness based control technique” and the “perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm” is developed and investigated to control a hybrid electric energy source (HEPS). This EHPS is composed of a fuel cell system (FC) and a solar panel (SP), as the main source and a supercapacitor bank (SC), as the auxiliary sourc...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the scanning electron microscope (sem) of indirect composite conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laserand carbon dioxide (co2) laser. methods: 18 indirect composite blocks (gc gradia da2, japan) with 15 × 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made. the bonding s...

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is one of the most popular technologies used in wind power systems. With the growing use of DFIGs and increasing power system dependence on them in recent years, protecting of these generators against internal faults is more considered. Loss of excitation (LOE) event is among the most frequent failures in electric generators. However, LOE detection stud...

PURPOSE The present study was designed to examine the role of central and peripheral fatigue on 4000-m cycling time trial performance by comparing changes in power output and integrated electromyography (iEMG) in differently paced maximal efforts. METHODS Eight well-trained men performed three randomly ordered time trials with different pacing strategies, in which the first 2000 m were manipu...