In the present paper, an experimental assessment was performed on the transient thermal performance of a heat sink filled by a phase change material (PCM) and PCM embedded with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and titania (TiO2) nanoparticles as nanostructured materials. In order to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM, CNFs and TiO2 nanoparticles at different loadings (0.5wt. % and 2 wt.% of CNFs a...

We have investigated and developed a theoretical approach to explore stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phenomena in single mode fiber. SBS happening threshold power condition has been studied in terms of fiber parameters and input pump power. To assess threshold power precisely, the pump depletion effect and fiber loss has been included by employing 1% criterion. The threshold exponential g...

From the earliest days of commercial power production, transmission has grown steadily in importance. New wholesale power markets have sparked interest in distributed generation, but trade between these markets has only increased the need for transmission investment. As with generation, a market for the use of existing assets is not difficult to imagine, but a market to supply these assets is m...

The power consumption and speed of SRAMs are important issue that has led to multiple designs with the purpose of minimizing the power consumption during both read and write operations. Memory is the furthermost collective part in CMOS IC’s applications. Here a novel 9T static random access memory (SRAM) cell design which consumes less dynamic power and has high read stability is predicted. Thi...

parties, as civil institutions distribute political power among individuals in society, and play an important role in preventing the monopoly of power by a particular group. they are also significant in modifying the governmental construction and administration of society. as a framework, this study has utilized theories of bacharch and bartez regarding the mode of exercising political power an...