this paper proposes an optimal transmission expansion planning (tep) which is based on determining share of each line in merchandizing surplus (ms) of system, determining by independent system operator (iso). the more share of a line in ms of system denotes the priority of a line for expansion. the procedure of determining ms of each line in a power system is based on determining the ms share o...

We construct a theory of distributions in the setting of analysis on post-critically finite self-similar fractals, and on fractafolds and products based on such fractals. The results include basic properties of test functions and distributions, a structure theorem showing that distributions are locally-finite sums of powers of the Laplacian applied to continuous functions, and an analysis of th...

Due to the interconnection and active management of Distributed Generation (DG) and Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), the traditional electrical distribution network has become an Active Distribution Network (ADN), posing challenges to the operation optimization of the network. The power supply and storage capacity indexes of a Local Autonomy Control Region (LACR), which consists of DGs, ESSs and ...

This paper proposes a fully distributed control methodology for secondary control of AC microgrids. The control framework includes three modules: voltage regulator, reactive power regulator, and active power/frequency regulator. The voltage regulator module maintains the average voltage of the microgrid distribution line at the rated value. The reactive power regulator compares the local normal...

This paper proposes a fully distributed control methodology for secondary control of AC microgrids. The control framework includes three modules: voltage regulator, reactive power regulator, and active power/frequency regulator. The voltage regulator module maintains the average voltage of the microgrid distribution line at the rated value. The reactive power regulator compares the local normal...

This loss can be reduced by the use of a capacitor in the system, which injects reactive current and also improves the voltage magnitude in the buses. Shunt capacitors are commonly used in distribution system for reactive power compensation. The real power loss in the distribution line is the R.I2 loss which depends on the current and resistance. The radial distribution system is a rugged syste...

Applications of on-line PD spot testing and monitoring for in service power cables are presented. The motivation and advantages of the on-line approach to the cable insulation assessment are covered. The different aspects of PD testing are discussed: detection, location and continuous monitoring. The test techniques for different types of transmission and distribution cable circuit are shown wi...

Abstract. In this paper, we propose to study a generalized form of the exponential power distribution which contains others in the literature as special cases. This unifying exponential power distribution is characterized by a parameter ω and a function h(ω) which regulates the tail behavior of the distribution, thus making it more flexible and suitable for modeling than the usual normal di...

We analyze a power distribution line with high penetration of distributed generation and strong variations of power consumption and generation levels. In the presence of uncertainty the statistical description of the system is required to assess the risks of power outages. In order to find the probability of exceeding the constraints for voltage levels we introduce the probability distribution ...

Switchgear (GIS) to the 220/33kV step down transformers, the 33kV and 6.6 kV switchgear all the way to the plant wide 400VAC distribution a fully integrated power distribution system nears completion. ABB’s local manufacturing capability, engineering resources and experience were fully utilised to make it all possible. EMAL’s world first smelter fully integrated power distribution system will s...