introduction: post dural puncture headache is still a common complication among young women undergone cesarean section, although use of small size spinal needles reduced its prevalence. several methods have been suggested for prevention and treatment of this side effect; such as complete bed rest, hydration, non-opioid analgesics, caffeine, codeine, which none of them proved to be totally effec...

Background: Giving spinal anaesthesia is an effort to relieve pain create optimal conditions for surgery operation consciously. A shivering event frequently follows the phenomenon of long duration operation. 
 Purpose: The study aimed determine relationship between and in post patients.
 Methods: design a quantitative uses cross-sectional approach. Sampling used systematic sampling te...