As mentioned in French secondary school official texts, teaching science implies teaching scientific process. This poses the problem of how to teach epistemology, as traditional science teaching is mostly dogmatic and based on contents. Previous studies show that pupils, science students and teachers mostly own positivist and realist spontaneous conceptions of science and scientific discovery. ...

It is often assumed that chemistry was a typical positivistic science as long as chemists used atomic and molecular models as mere fictions and denied any concern with their real existence. Even when they use notions such as molecular orbitals chemists do not reify them and often claim that they are mere models or instrumental artefacts. However a glimpse on the history of chemistry in the long...

the world: The Aufbau and the emergence of logical empiricism. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Richardson, A. (2003). Narrating the history of reason itself: Friedman, Kuhn, and a constitutive a priori for the twenty-first century. Perspectives on Science, 10, 253–274. Smith, L. D. (1986). Behaviorism and logical positivism: A reassessment of the alliance. Palo Alto, CA: Stanfor...

The terms of discretion have been determined finitely in Article 24 Law Number 30 2014 concerning Government Administration. However, the requirement “not contrary to provisions legislation” was removed after issuance 11 2020 Job Creation. This paper examines 3 (three) circumstances related discretion. First, how is concept viewed from government administration? Second, school legal anti-positi...

It has been argued that positivist and constructivist ontologies are irreconcilable. According to LINCOLN and GUBA (2000), positivism’s "naive realism" holds that reality is both "real" and "apprehendable," whereas constructivism maintains that meaning is generated by individuals and groups. This analysis implies that the quantitative and qualitative methodologies associated with positivism and...

Abstract This article covers the traditional problems of philosophy law: controversies between realism and normativism, on one hand, positivism non-positivism, other. The author, adopting ontological perspective artefactual theory law, attempts to attain two research aims. First, he argues that law paves way towards a moderate position overcoming realism-normativism duality. Second, advocates t...