BACKGROUND Social position is one of the major determinants of health. Less is known about its effect in historical contexts. Previous studies have shown surprisingly small effects of social class in working age populations. Not much is known about social differences in health among the elderly in history. OBJECTIVE The present paper analyses social differences in health among the elderly (60+)...

BACKGROUND As pharmaceutical firms experience increasing civil society pressure to act responsibly in a changing globalized world, many are expanding and/or reforming their corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. We sought to understand how multinational pharmaceutical companies currently engage in CSR activities in the developing world aimed at global health impact, their motivations...

Since implementing the one-child policy in the early 1980s, China has successfully controlled its population growth rate. However, this policy brought together some side effects, one of which is the unbalanced sex ratio. By the year 2000, China had 40.9 million more men than women. The large gender gap has affected both the labor market and the marriage market. We will present a model in which ...

What is IRISS-C/I? IRISS-C/I is a project funded by the European Commission in its 'Access to Major Research Infrastructures' programme. IRISS-C/I funds short visits at CEPS/Instead for researchers willing to undertake collaborative and/or internationally comparative research in economics and other social sciences. Who may apply? We encourage applications from all interested individuals (doing ...

Conditions favoring population divergence in trophic features, such as the low levels of species richness and interspecific competition found on islands, can be similar to conditions that increase their sexual dimorphism or overall variance. Male emberizid sparrows of tidal marshes have undergone parallel evolution of large bills. We tested for parallel increases between dimorphism and overall ...

A topic of major interest in socio-ecology is the comparison of chimpanzees and bonobos' grouping patterns. Numerous studies have highlighted the impact of social and environmental factors on the different evolution in group cohesion seen in these sister species. We are still lacking, however, key information about bonobo social traits across their habitat range, in order to make accurate inter...

OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined whether social characteristics of the residential environment are associated with blood pressure after controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics. Even less is known about the processes by which these associations operate. Therefore, we examined whether distinct dimensions of the residential environment (socioeconomic position and urbanicity...

BACKGROUND This study is designed to evaluate whether the benefit which the residents received from the national health care system is equal in China. The perceived equality and benefit are used to measure the personal status of health care system, health status. This study examines variations in perceived equality and benefit of the national health care system between urban and rural residents...

Sexual selection theory suggests that willingness to participate in risky or violent competitive interactions should be observed primarily in those age-sex classes that have experienced the most intense reproductive competition (fitness variance) during the species’ evolutionary history, and in those individuals whose present circumstances are predictive of reproductive failure. Homicidal confl...