INTRODUCTION Infections by certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been identified as risk factors for some cancers. In Nigeria, like many other developing countries, infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. While there are data on the incidence of different cancers in Nigeria, there has been no study of cancers attributable to infections. This study was carried out t...

SASAKI, S. Growth Fraction and Cell Cycle Time of Gamma-rays Irradiated Mammalian Cells. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1972, 108 (3), 225-237 Population kinetic analysis was made for growth fraction and median cell cycle time over 9 days after irradiation of a mouse mammary tumor cell population (FM3A) treated with 500 and 700 R of 60Co gamma-rays, where the growth fraction was estimated from labeling i...

This article discusses issues on the causality between smoking and lung cancer, which have been raised during the tobacco litigation in South Korea. It should be recognized that the explanatory ability of risk factor(s) for inter-individual variations in disease occurrence is different from the causal contribution of the risk factor(s) to disease occurrence. The affected subjects of the tobacco...

AIMS The aim of the study was to estimate mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to alcohol consumption in 2009 in Chile. METHODS The population considered for this study included those 15 years and over. Exposure to alcohol in the population was estimated by triangulating the records of alcohol per capita consumption in Chile with information from the Eighth National ...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion and number of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to parous women having breastfed for total durations of ≤12 months. METHODS We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of breast cancers (the only cancer site with convincing evidence of causal association) associated with women breastfeeding for ≤12 months in total, using stan...

Globally, inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are major contributors to mortality and burden of disease. We aimed to quantify the role of WASH in the risk of Schistosoma hematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, and hookworm infection in school-aged children; to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of helminth infection due to WASH; and to spatially predict the risk of...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is responsible for a massive loss of life in both developed and developing countries. This article develops an alternative to the Peto-Lopez method for estimating the number or fraction of smoking-attributable deaths in high-income countries. METHODS We use lung cancer death rates as an indicator of the damage caused by smoking. Using administrative data for the p...

The authors estimated the generalized impact fraction (GIF) for heart failure (HF) related to obesity, representing the proportion of incident HF events that could be prevented from reductions in obesity and/or overweight. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is a biracial population-based cohort study of persons aged 45-64 years from 4 US communities with a median 14 years of follow-u...

background: it is introduced that unintentional childhood poisoning can be as result of child home environment and characteristics of parents. this study aimed at quantifying the adjusted population attributable risk percentage of risk factor of unintentional childhood poisoning.  materials and methods: the hospital based case- control included 140 consecutive poisoned children who admitted to ...