We propose and experimentally demonstrate a hierarchical modulation scheme to improve power margin for orthogonal frequency division multiple access-passive optical networks (OFDMA-PONs). In a PON system, under the same launched optical power, optical network units (ONUs) have different power margins due to unequal distribution fiber lengths. The power margin of the PON system is determined by ...

Optical transceivers are demonstrated with error-free performance in TWDM PONs. Integrated OLT transceiver in CFP-module transmits 10dBm power and achieves -36dBm sensitivity. Low-cost tunable SFP+ ONU transceiver can be tuned over 4 channels with 4dBm transmitted power and -26dBm sensitivity. Introduction Rapid growth of internet traffic, driven by the proliferation of video services, continue...

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a serum HDL-bound enzyme that hydrolyzes a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters including lipid peroxides, preventing LDL oxidation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at greater risk of oxidative stress, which is associated with abnormal plasma lipid metabolism. In this study, association of PON-55 polymorphism with serum arylesterase (ARE) activities,...

OBJECTIVE Diminished serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (measures of paraoxonase-1 [PON-1] function) in humans have been linked to heightened systemic oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk. The clinical prognostic use of measuring distinct PON-1 activities has not been established, and the genetic determinants of PON-1 activities are not known. METHODS AND RESULTS We establishe...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether antibodies against high-density lipoprotein (aHDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (aApo A-I) interfere with the anti-atherogenic functions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and relate to disease activity and damage in SLE. METHODS Seventy-seven SLE patients were compared with an age- and sex-frequency matched control group. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) aHDL, IgG aApoA-I, solu...

Ethernet-based Passive optical network (E-PON) is the key for next generation access networks. It must have the property of high efficiency, low cost, and support quality of service (QoS). We present a novel media access control (MAC) protocol that maximizes network efficiency by using dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm suitable for E-PON. This protocol minimizes packet delay and dela...

In this paper we introduce a PON mobile access network as a candidate to offer continuous multimedia IP communications to fast moving terminals in a micro-cellular environment. As an alternative to IP micro-mobility protocols we propose a PON access network with FA distributed over all access points connected to the same fiber. All ONU associated with the same FA are given the same IP address, ...

Figure 1 illustrates the general FTTx (Fiber-to-the-x) architecture using a WDM-PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network). As can be seen in the figure, this general-purpose architecture can serve multiple applications for both the business and residential customer. This functionality is possible since each end point is connected to the central office through a dedicated bid...

Asymmetric distribution of fate determinants is a fundamental mechanism underlying the acquisition of distinct cell fates during asymmetric division. In Drosophila neuroblasts, the apical DmPar6/DaPKC complex inhibits Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) to promote the basal localization of fate determinants. In contrast, in the sensory precursor (pI) cells that divide asymmetrically with a planar polarit...

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. Group I served as control. Group II received CAPE intraperitoneally. Group III received fluoxetine per orally. Group IV received fluoxetine and CAPE. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stre...