The thermodynamic driving force in the folding of a class of oligorotaxanes is elucidated by means of molecular dynamics simulations of equilibrium isometric single-molecule force spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy experiments. The oligorotaxanes consist of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) rings threaded onto an oligomer of 1,5-dioxynaphthalenes linked by polyethers. The simulations are perf...

The folding of a series of donor-acceptor oligorotaxanes is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The oligorotaxanes consist of tetracationic cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) rings threaded onto oligomers of 1,5-dioxynaphthalene linked by polyethers. Minimum energy structures are isolated using simulated annealing from which insights into the interactions responsible for the folding...

This paper reviews preparation and applications of amylose supramolecules by means of phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization. When the enzymatic polymerization of α-D-glucose 1-phosphate (G-1-P) as a monomer was carried out in the presence of poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) of a hydrophobic polyether as a guest polymer, the supramolecule, i.e., an amylose-PTHF inclusion complex, was form...

This paper reviews the architecture of amylose supramolecules in form of inclusion complexes with synthetic polymers by phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization. Amylose is known to be synthesized by enzymatic polymerization using α-d-glucose 1-phosphate as a monomer, by phosphorylase catalysis. When the phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization was conducted in the presence of v...

The development of a simple approach to studying self-assembly processes in the chemical laboratory began with an investigation of the donor/acceptor complexes formed between (a) crown ethers, like bisparaphenylene-34crown10, and 4,4 '-bipyridinium dications, such as paraquat, and (b) tetracationic cyclophanes, like cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), and neutral substrates, such as 1.4dimethoxyben...

Star-shaped polymers with a fullerene (C60) core and an unexpanded structure were successfully prepared by reaction of C60 with amino end-capped polyesters HxC60(NHPCLn)x and polyethers HxC60(NHPEGn)x, respectively. Upon irradiation of these C60-derivatives, a large amount of singlet oxygen was released. Compared to previously synthesized star-shaped azafulleroids with an expanded structure, th...

INTRODUCTION Photodynamic therapy is a topical treatment of pathogens that involves the use of a photoactive dye (photosensitizer), which is non-toxic when not exposed to light and activated by light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen. The highly cytotoxic oxygen species generated by the induced photophysical processes inactivate the pathogenic cells. The PURPOSE of this study w...

Beside Ziegler-Natta and Phillips catalysts the development of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst in combination with metallocenes or other transition metal complexes for the polymerization of olefins has widely increased the possibilities in controlling the polymer composition, polymer structure, tacticity and special properties with high precision. These catalysts allow the synthesis of is...