Pollution swapping can be defined as the increase in one pollutant as a result of a measure introduced to reduce a different pollutant. Although pollution swapping is widely understood it has received relatively little research attention and receives little consideration in agri-environmental policy. Evidence of pollution swapping in constructed wetlands, riparian buffer zones, cover crops, cro...

1.1 Air pollution: A global overview In the last decades we witnessed unprecedented rapid deterioration in the environment as a consequence of intense anthropogenic activity. Air pollution, and more precisely particulate matter (PM) is both an alarming environmental problem and a public health concern that affects many regions of the world. Ambient air pollution has been associated with increas...

—Nonpoint source pollution in the form of stormwater runoff is one of the most important emerging threats to ecosystems along the coastal margins of the United States. A wide diversity of potentially toxic chemicals is commonly found in stormwater. These include the various pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other common contaminants that originate from commercial, industrial...

the research used the satellite image (landsat 7 etm ) within the thermal infrared sixth band (tir6) and geographic information system (gis) to determine the air pollution and its relationship with the land cover (lc) and land use (lu) of baghdad city. concentration of total suspended particles (tsp), lead (pb), carbon oxides (co, co2), and sulphur dioxide (so2) were obtained from 22 ground mea...

The assimilation potential (assimilative capacity) of the atmosphere can be represented in two ways: one as the ventilation coefficient and the other as the dispersion potential of emission loads discharged into the region. In the present study, the atmospheric assimilation potential of a typical urban area in Kochi city has been determined with respect to sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). The ventilatio...

Parasitoids are important organisms in the regulation of insect herbivores in natural, urban, and agricultural ecosystems. The impact of pollutants acting on parasitoids has not been extensively reviewed. This prompted us to propose a falsifiable null hypothesis (pollutants have no effects on parasitoids) and two alternative hypotheses (pollution negatively or positively affects parasitoids) to...

Vertical peat profiles can only be used as archives of past changes in pollution levels if atmogenic elements are immobile after their burial. For mobile elements, similar pore-water concentrations can be expected at different peat depths. Concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Cd were determined in surface bog water and bog pore water 40 cm below surface in two Sphagnum-dominated pea...

background: since the industrial revolution, the rate of industrialization and urbanization has increased dramatically. regarding this issue, specific regions mostly located in developing countries have been confronted with serious problems, particularly environmental problems among which air pollution is of high importance. methods: eleven parameters, including co, so 2 , pm 10 , pm 2.5 , o 3 ...

Considerable debate exists over the primary cause of increased antibiotic resistance (AR) worldwide. Evidence suggests increasing AR results from overuse of antibiotics in medicine and therapeutic and nontherapeutic applications in agriculture. However, pollution also can influence environmental AR, particularly associated with heavy metal, pharmaceutical, and other waste releases, although the...

The ecological imbalance in the modern world has reached such proportions that balance between natural systems necessary for life and industrial, technological demographic needs of mankind been disturbed. Pollution a major impact on human health, triggering inducing many diseases also lead to mortality, especially developing countries. Therefore, pollution control is vital should be at top gove...