political power is considered as one of the most fundamental public law vocabulary, as far as the separation of political power and public law seems impossible. meanwhile it seems that this concept as the fundamental concept of public law; varies in islamic and liberal thought and there is a serious conflict between them. analysis of this claim requires a proper understanding of the concept of ...

ghasem amin is known as a harbinger of women’s social and cultural rights in the world of arabs. primarily, he centered his ideas on three axes: a; women’s education to the primary level, b; necessity of women’s free will and decision making in issues like marriage, c; religious veil (covering all the body except the face and the two palms); although the outcomes of his ideas require more discu...

ibn al-moqaffa, an iranian thinker and reformer lived in the era when people suffered from tyranny. he had well realized the root of people's problem which he attributed to the political regime. he was the one who believed that the progress of common men depends on the progress of nobles and their progress is not possible without their leader's progress. the society in those days was ...