Miwako Kobayashi, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention William Adih, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Jianmin Li, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ryan Gierke, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Olivia M. Almendares, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention James Watt, California Department of Public Health Nisha Alden, Colorado Department of Public Health an...

BACKGROUND To date, research on priority-setting for new vaccines has not adequately explored the influence of the global, national and sub-national levels of decision-making or contextual issues such as political pressure and stakeholder influence and power. Using Kapiriri and Martin's conceptual framework, this paper evaluates priority setting for new vaccines in Uganda at national and sub-na...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains an important cause of illness in US children. We assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in IPD, in Tennessee. METHODS Data from active laboratory and population-based surveillance of IPD were us...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to evaluate rates of all-cause pneumonia among "at-risk" and "high-risk" children and adults in Germany-in comparison with age-stratified healthy counterparts-during the period following the 2006 recommendation for universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. METHODS Retrospective cohort design and healthcare claims informati...

Severe forms of pneumococcal meningitis, bacteraemia and pneumonia result in more than 1 million deaths each year despite the widespread introduction of carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Here we describe a new and highly efficient antipneumococcal vaccine design based on synthetic conjugation of S. pneumoniae capsule polysaccharides to the potent lipid an...

Nationwide surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease has been conducted in Germany since 1992. From 1992 to 2008, a total of 12,137 isolates from invasive pneumococcal disease were collected. Data on serotypes were available for 9,394 invasive isolates. The leading serotypes were serotypes 14 (16.5%), 3 (8.0%), 7F (7.6%), 1 (7.3%), and 23F (6.0%). Variations in serotype distribution over th...

Previous research has suggested that reducing the US 4-dose PCV13 schedule to a 3-dose schedule may provide cost savings, despite more childhood pneumococcal disease. The study also stressed that dose reduction should be coupled with improved PCV adherence, however, US PCV uptake has leveled-off since 2008. An estimated 24-36% of US children aged 5-19 months are already receiving a reduced PCV ...

For the first time, millions of children in India will receive protection for free against the leading cause of pneumonia, which kills more underfive children than any other infectious disease in the world [1] and in India – thanks to the launch of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Until now, PCV was only available in the private sector in India, putting it beyond the reach of most of t...

BACKGROUND Before 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduction, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates among Navajo were several-fold those of the general US population. Only 50% of IPD cases in children involved PCV7 serotypes. METHODS We conducted active, population-based surveillance for IPD for the period 1995-2006. We documented case characteristics and serotyped the is...