pistachio green stink bug, acrosternum hegeeri, due to its inflicting damages on crop quantity and quality, is of a great economical importance in pistachio production. on the other hand, a knowledge of digestive enzymes, is quite indispensable in the study and application of new pest management technologies. results of studeies have shown that midgut in this insect is divided into four section...

Biosensor devices, based on the conversion of nucleic acid recognition reactions into useful electrical signals, offer considerable promise for DNA diagnostics. The unique hybridization properties of solution-phase PNA can be extrapolated onto transducer surfaces in connection with the design of remarkably specific DNA biosensors. This article reviews the development of PNA biosensors, and disc...

background percutaneous catheter drainage (pcd) and percutaneous needle aspiration (pna) have become the primary options for treating hepatic abscesses. thus far, various studies have examined the clinical data and computed tomography (ct) features for predicting pcd outcomes. objectives the goal was to compare ct features between hepatic abscesses classified based on strain and quantitative ou...

Differentiation and activation of lymphocytes are documented to result in changes in glycosylation associated with biologically important consequences. In this report, we have systematically examined global changes in N-linked glycosylation following activation of murine CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and B cells by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling, and investigated the molecular basis for thos...

The in vivo virulence patterns of promastigote populations defined on the basis of agglutination by the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) were studied for various cloned lines of Leishmania major. Promastigotes derived from logarithmic-phase cultures, which were routinely 100% agglutinated at 100 micrograms of PNA per ml, were relatively avirulent for BALB/c mice. The relative virulence of station...

In their book Values of Non-Atomic Games, Aumann and Shapley [1] define the value for spaces of nonatomic games as a map from the space of games into bounded finitely additive games that satisfies a list of plausible axioms: linearity, symmetry, positivity, and efficiency. One ofthe themes of the theory of values is to demonstrate that on given spaces of games this list of plausible axioms dete...

The transactivator responsive region (TAR) present in the 5'-NTR of the HIV-1 genome represents a potential target for antiretroviral intervention and a model system for the development of specific inhibitors of RNA-protein interaction. Earlier, we have shown that an anti-TAR polyamide nucleotide analog (PNA(TAR)) conjugated to a membrane transducing (MTD) peptide, transportan, is efficiently t...

The design and facile synthesis of sterically constrained new analogs of PNA having gem-dimethyl substitutions on glycine (dmg-PNA-T) is presented. The PNA oligomers [aminoethyl dimethylglycyl (aedmg) and aminopropyl dimethylglycyl (apdmg)] synthesized from the monomers 6 and 12) effected remarkable stabilization of homothyminePNA(2):homoadenine DNA/RNA triplexes and mixed base sequence duplexe...

Sequence-specific detection of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) is important in various research fields. In general, denaturation of dsDNA into single strands is necessary for the sequence-specific recognition of probes to target DNA, posing several drawbacks which decrease the efficiency as a DNA sensor. Herein, we report a direct, sequence-specific dsDNA detection system without requiring any ther...

Leguminous lectins have a conserved carbohydrate recognition site comprising four loops (A-D). Here, we randomly mutated the sequence and length of loops C and D of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and expressed the proteins on the surface of mouse green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter cells. Flow cytometry, limiting dilution, and cDNA cloning were used to screen for several mutated PNAs with distinc...