Particulate matter (PM) concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are measured correlated simultaneously using a high-volume sampler MICROTOPS-II Sunphotometer, respectively. The present work deals with the characteristics of particulate (PM 1 , PM 2.5 10 ) over Varanasi, from April 2019 to March 2020. Daily variation, as well seasonal reveals dominancy fine-mode particles Varanasi region ...

Abstract. Naturally and anthropogenically emitted aerosols, which are determined by their physical chemical properties, have an impact on both air quality the radiative properties of earth. An important source atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in South Africa is household combustion for space heating cooking, predominantly occurs low-income urban settlements. The aim this study was to conduct...

A probabilistic semi-metric space (S, F ) is said to be of class H ([5]) if there exists a metric d on S such that, for t > 0, d(p, q) < t ⇔ Fpq(t) > 1− t. We will prove that (S, F ) is of class H iff the mapping K, defined on S × S by K (p, q) = sup{t ≥ 0 | t ≤ 1− Fpq(t)} is a metric on S. Two fixed point theorems for multivalued contractions in probabilistic metric spaces are also proved. Inc...

Results on interpretation of the variability of regional background PM levels in the Western Mediterranean basin (WMB) are presented. Mean PM levels recorded at Montseny, MSY (North-Eastern Spain) in the 2002--2007 period reached 17, 13 and 11 microg/m3 of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. The daily evolution of PM levels is regulated by the breeze circulation (mountain and sea breezes). PM le...

Poor urban air quality in developing countriesis a growing public health challenge due to rises in population, industries, urbanization and vehiclesalong with insufficient air quality management. Among the range of air pollutants exposure to particulate matter (PM) is of greatest concern due to its association with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The present study reports traffic relate...