background: the most frequently used spermicide nonoxynol-9 (n-9) in the clinic alters the vaginal flora, which will result in an increased risk of opportunistic infection. so development of a novel spermicidal and microbicidal drug appears to be inevitable. vaginal local immune is an important part of vaginal flora. secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi), surfactant proteins d (sp-d), a...

The variety of interpretations exhibited by sentences with reciprocals is a longstanding challenge for semantic and pragmatic theories. This puzzle is related to some hard questions about the interpretation of plural predicates in general. In this paper we study the implications of relations between reciprocity and plurality for the account of reciprocals in Dalrymple et al. (1994). It will be ...

Coordinate, plural and predicative constructions of noun phrases are common and highly productive in natural languages. They are also related in intricate ways: conjunctive coordination is one of the simple means to form plural NP’s from singular ones; many coordinate and plural NP’s appear naturally in predicative positions. Any theory of grammar and semantic interpretation should account for ...

We report a new pattern of usage in current, spoken Italian that has implications for both psycholinguistic models of language production and linguistic theories of language change. In Italian, gender agreement is mandatory for both singular and plural nouns. However, when two or more nouns of different grammatical gender appear in a conjoined noun phrase (NP), masculine plural agreement is req...

Background: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a variety of lupus disease characterized with sticky thick scaces telangiectasia and follicular plugging. Objectives: To determine the relative frequency of clinical, paraclinical and pathological findings in patients with DLE. Patients and Methods: The clinical, Paraclinical and pathological findings in 50 biopsy proven patients with DLE referre...

This paper explores the hypothesis of a semantics for plurals with no atomic partial order defined on the domain of quantification, and thus no ontological distinction between singular and plural individuals. The idea is that the work usually done in the semantics by the atomic partial order is instead done by the syntax, which makes available to the semantics a phonologically covert sortal whi...