A growing number of RNA viruses are now known to depend on virus-encoded ion channels for efficient production of infectious virions and, in some cases, for the subsequent infection of naı̈ve cells. So-called viroporins are small hydrophobic proteins, usually less than 100 aa in length, and typically contain 1 or 2 transmembrane domains (TMDs); oligomerization is therefore necessary for the form...

As the most common sustained arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF) afflicts 2 million patients in the United States alone, and this number is predicted to double by the year 2050.1 Although AF is not life-threatening, it is linked to a 2-fold increase in mortality when present as a comorbidity in heart disease patients.2,3 AF can have devastating consequences, such as stroke, impaired cardiac pe...

Short- and long-term consequences of canal plugging on gaze shifts in the rhesus monkey. I. Effects on gaze stabilization. To study the contribution of the vestibular system to the coordinated eye and head movements of a gaze shift, we plugged the lumens of just the horizontal (n = 2) or all six semicircular canals (n = 1) in monkeys trained to make horizontal head-unrestrained gaze shifts to v...

We studied caloric nystagmus before and after plugging all six semicircular canals to determine whether velocity storage contributed to the spatial orientation of caloric nystagmus. Monkeys were stimulated unilaterally with cold ( approximately 20 degrees C) water while upright, supine, prone, right-side down, and left-side down. The decline in the slow phase velocity vector was determined over...

Due to high complexity of most food matrices and the low concentration (ppb levels) of HAs, sensitive and selective analytical methodology is needed. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is generally used. However it involve tedious and time-consuming and have intrinsic disadvantages like the use of toxic solvents and plugging of the cartridges. These drawbacks can be avoided by using solid-phase micro...

Plugging a gap in screening—Arrays of nanoliter-sized plugs of different compositions can be preformed in a three-phase liquid/liquid/gas flow. The arrays can be transported into a microfluidic channel to test against a target (see schematic representation), as demonstrated in protein crystallization and an enzymatic assay.

Horn clause Logic is a powerful representation language exploited in Logic Programming as a computer programming framework and in Inductive Logic Programming as a formalism for expressing examples and learned theories in domains where relations among objects must be expressed to fully capture the relevant information. While the predicates that make up the description language are defined by the...

Exostosis in external auditory canal is common among surfers. Common symptoms are decreased hearing or loss of hearing, ear infection, and/or plugging sensation. Repeated exposure to cold water is a key clinical history to suspect this condition. Based on symptoms and existence of infection, surgical removal of the exostosis is recommended.

The trichodysplasia-spinulosa polyomavirus-associated (TSPyV) was first described in a solid organ transplant recipient with a rare skin disease. Initially mistaken as a side effect of cyclosporine treatment, the disease trichodysplasia-spinulosa (TS) is characterized by the development of keratin spines (spicules), follicular papules, hair follicle dilation and keratotic plugging of the infund...