Acidic pollutants can be deposited from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in wet and dry forms. The common term to describe this process is acid deposition. The term acid precipitation is used to specifically describe wet forms of acid pollution that can be found in rain, sleet, snow, fog, and cloud vapor. An acid can be defined as any substance that when dissolved in water dissociates to y...

We calculate the ion and composition distributions around colloid particles in an aqueous mixture, accounting for preferential adsorption, electrostatic interaction, selective solvation among ions and polar molecules, and composition-dependent ionization. On the colloid surface, we predict a precipitation transition induced by a strong preference of hydrophilic ions to water and a prewetting tr...

[1] The first observations of Jupiter made by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory revealed a powerful X-ray aurora located in the polar caps. The X-ray emission exhibited a 40-min periodicity. Such 40-min periodicities have previously been seen in energetic particle fluxes and in Jovian radio emission. This paper develops scenarios in which the X-ray emission is produced by energetic heavy ion precip...

An environmentally friendly method using a cell-free extract (CFE) of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata is proposed to synthesize gold nanowires with a network structure. This procedure offers control over the shapes of gold nanoparticles with the change of HAuCl4 concentration. The CFE solutions were added with different concentrations of HAuCl4, resulting in the bioreduction of gold ions and biosynt...

Abstract The photoelectric characteristic of ITO/PbS quantum dots (QDs)/Al structure based single and hybrid iodine ions(I − ) passivated PbS QDs have been investigated. QDs/Al with I passivation demonstrated a high light dark ratio 565.5 at -2V. It is the result removing more organic ligands on surface introducing larger amount . This work demonstrates that process has great potential in perfo...

Polar and charged amino acids (AAs) are heavily expressed in non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), and are involved in hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization in bone. Here, we review what is known on the effect of single AAs on HA precipitation. Negatively charged AAs, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid (Glu) and phosphoserine are largely expressed in NCPs and play a critical role in controlling HA nu...

This tutorial review summarises B-DNA structure and metallomolecule binding modes and illustrates some DNA structures induced by molecules containing metallic cations. The effects of aquated metal ions, cobalt amines, ruthenium octahedral metal complexes, metallohelicates and platinum complexes such as cis-platin are discussed alongside the techniques of NMR, X-ray crystallography, gel electrop...

SEVERAL TESTS have been proposed for determining the gross contamination sometimes encountered in serums submitted for protein-bound iodine analysis (1-5). These screens are all l)ased on the use of the coupled Ce(IV-As(III)) reaction as a detection device. However, ceric ions in strong acid solution represent a powerful oxidation system for many organic compounds (6). There is, therefore, a go...

The solubility of humic substances (HS) increases with pH. However, when in the presence of appropriate concentrations of transition metals in solution, soluble HS flocculate as a consequence of the aggregation processes promoted by the metallic ions. This is of great environmental interest as HS can retain large amounts of metallic ions at low pH. They can also form soluble complexes with thes...