OBJECTIVE The undergraduate medical curriculum has been overcrowded with core learning outcomes with no formal exposure to plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare medical students from two educational settings for the basic understanding, preferred learning method, and factors influencing a career choice in plastic surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective cohort study based on ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the geographic and temporal trends in cosmetic facial plastic surgery procedure costs and frequency during the last decade and to evaluate factors that may influence changes in the demand for cosmetic procedures. METHODS A survey sent to every (N = 1727) active fellow, member, or associate of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery assessing the...

BACKGROUND Exposure to plastic surgery during medical school is limited. Most interested applicants form their perceptions of careers in this surgical specialty during elective rotations. OBJECTIVE To investigate the perceptions of Canadian medical students considering a career in plastic surgery. The results obtained were then compared with current Canadian plastic surgery residents' percept...

We present the approach of the IST FP6 project PLASTIC to the effective design and implementation of mobile services over B3G environments. The PLASTIC methodology for service design is based on transformations which are iteratively applied to various models used at specific design stages. Starting from a conceptual model, these models reflect characteristic properties of the mobile service und...

Within Rapid Prototyping technologies are used many types of materials. Many of them are recyclable but there are still as plastic like, so practically they do not degrade in the landfill. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the special plastic materials, which are biodegradable and available for 3D printing within Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The question is, if the mechanical prope...

In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the anisotropic plastic behavior of (001) aluminum single crystal during high-pressure torsion (HPT). The distributions of equivalent plastic strain and Mises stress recorded on the sample surface are presented. The directional variations of plastic strain and Mises stress with the developm...

Empirical data suggest that recombination rates may change in response to stress. To study the evolution of plastic recombination, we develop a modifier model using the same theoretical framework used to study conventional (nonplastic) modifiers, thus allowing direct comparison. We examine the evolution of plastic recombination in both haploid and diploid systems. In haploids, a plastic modifie...

[1] Micro-plastic marine debris is widely distributed in vast regions of the subtropical gyres and has emerged as a major open ocean pollutant. The fate and transport of plastic marine debris is governed by poorly understood geophysical processes, such as ocean mixing within the surface boundary layer. Based on profile observations and a one-dimensional column model, we demonstrate that plastic...

This paper presents a method for implicit stress integration of the Drucker–Prager material model with kinematic hardening. The stress integration of the material model is conducted using the incremental plasticity method, while the kinematic hardening of material is defined using nonlinear Armstrong–Frederick hardening. This type of granular material hardening occurs as a consequence of the cy...

A triaxial constitutive model is developed for elastoplastic behavior of geomaterials, which accounts for tensile damage. The constitutive setting is formulated in the framework of continuum thermodynamics using internal variables. The interaction of elastic damage and plastic flow is examined with the help of very simple constitutive assumptions: (i) a Drucker-Prager yield function is used to ...