Background: A growing number of patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are undergoing long-term hemodialysis (HD).  HD needs a vascular access (VA) and complications of VA account for a sizable proportion of its costs. One of the important cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is atherosclerosis, which is a major cause of premature deaths in the world. So, it is essential to find the risk fa...

Background One of the main reasons for discharge lung donors is pulmonary edema. It may be associated to hemodynamic shock frequently present among organ donors. There is no experience using hypertonic saline solution among lung donors with hypovolemic shock. The aim of this study is to evaluate hypertonic solution in pulmonary function of lung donor model with hypovolemic shock using the ex-vi...

Background—Thoracic endovascular aortic repair offers a less invasive approach for the treatment of ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (rDTAA). Due to the low incidence of this life-threatening condition, little is known about the outcomes of endovascular repair of rDTAA and the factors that affect these outcomes. Methods and Results—We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of 87...

The data here reported (Table I) show that a toxin is present in the blood of animals with two types of irreversible hypovolemic shock. These data also show that although blood volume therapy does not correct the hypovolemia because of continuing loss of plasma at the site of injury, the major factor in the progressive decline and death is the endotoxemia rather than the hypovolemia. This is al...

Introduction: Homocysteine is an aminoacid yielded from methionin to cysteine metabolism. Normal plasma concentration of homocysteine in human is between 5-15 mol/l and an increase more than 5 mol/l can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. On the other hand in dialysis patients due to some reasons such as uremia, genetic factors, dialysis related factors...

BACKGROUND Despite promising role of diuretics to manage fluid overload among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, their use is associated with adverse renal outcomes. Current study aimed to determine the extent of renal deterioration with diuretic therapy. METHODS A total 312 non-dialysis dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients were prospectively followed-up for one year. Fluid overload was asses...

in critically ill infants and children, intravascular (iv) access is sometimes very difficult. in such cases intraosseous (io) infusion should be used as the method of choice. however, in practice, different problems are experienced with this procedure. to overcome the practical problems and to confirm the efficacy of io infusion in reversing hypovolemic shock, an animal model was used by emplo...

To the Editor: The review by Sterns (Jan. 1 issue)1 on disorders of plasma sodium concentration, which are among the most frequently encountered (and mismanaged) problems in medicine, was enhanced by the use of illustrative cases (which appear in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of the article at NEJM.org). After the second patient had a subarachnoid hemorrhage, plasma h...

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of the washed red blood cells (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a uniform plasma protein production on a basal low protein diet. These dogs are clinically normal. By the introduction of variables into their standardized existence insight into the formation of plasma proteins can ...