In simulation studies using a realistic model CA1 pyramidal cell, we accounted for the shift in mean firing phase from theta cycle peaks to theta cycle troughs during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep reactivation of hippocampal CA1 place cells over several days of growing familiarization with an environment (Brain Res 855:176-180). Changes in the theta drive phase and amplitude between proximal a...

Mechanisms of place cell replay occurring during sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) remain obscure due to the fact that ripples in vitro depend on non-synaptic mechanisms, presumably via axo-axonal gap junctions between pyramidal cells. We suggest a model of in vivo SPW-Rs in which synaptic excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) control the axonal spiking of cells in SPW-Rs: ripple activity remai...

We describe a theoretical model of spatial representation in cortex, including computer simulations, that is compatible with data from single neuron recordings. Our proposed architecture, called a sinusoidal array, encodes a polar vector ~ v = (r;) as distributed activity across a neuronal population. We demonstrate how sinusoidal arrays might be used for vector computations such as addition, s...

zinc is a substance that regulates neural excitability by binding whit sodium channel and potassium channel. the efficiency of free zinc ion, make down the neural survival rate, reduced the peak amplitude of na+ and make depolarization na channel, increased the peak amplitude of transition outward k+ currents and delayed rectifier. also it is an effective blocker of one subtype of tetrodoxine (...

in the bone marrow, there are certain populations of stem cell sources with the capacity to differentiate into several different types of cells. ideally, cell transplants would be readily obtainable, easy to expand and bank, and capable of surviving for sufficient periods of time. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) possess all of these characteristics. one of the most important benefi...

We present a new Algorithm for In-Place Rectangular Transposition of an m by n matrix A that is efficient. In worst case it is O(N logN) where N = mn. It uses a bit-vector of size IWORK words to further increase its efficiency. When IWORK=0 no extra storage is used. We also review some of the other existing algorithms for this problem. These contributions were made by Gower, Windley, Knuth, Mac...

Reinstatement of conditioned place preferences have been used to investigate physiological mechanisms mediating drug-seeking behavior in adolescent and adult rodents; however, it is still unclear how psychostimulant exposure during adolescence affects neuron communication and whether these changes would elicit enhanced drug-seeking behavior later in adulthood. The present study determined wheth...

When an animal smells an odor, olfactory sensory neurons generate an activity pattern across olfactory glomeruli of the first sensory neuropil, the insect antennal lobe or the vertebrate olfactory bulb. Here, several networks of local neurons interact with sensory neurons and with output neurons--insect projection neurons, or vertebrate mitral/tufted cells. The extent and form of information pr...