Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry (DPIV) is a powerful nonintrusive measuring technique that has become popular in the last decade with the availability of commercial systems. In contrast to Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which utilizes analogue imaging and therefore time-consuming post processing, for DPIV digital video recording is encountered which is ideally suited for digital data pr...

Global climate change may increase biological invasions in part because invasive species may have greater phenotypic plasticity than native species. This may be especially important for abiotic stresses such as salt inundation related to increased hurricane activity or sea level rise. If invasive species indeed have greater plasticity, this may reflect genetic differences between populations in...

A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system has been developed to measure velocity fields with order 1-lm spatial resolution. The technique uses 200 nm diameter flow-tracing particles, a pulsed Nd: YAG laser, an inverted epi-fluorescent microscope, and a cooled interline-transfer CCD camera to record high-resolution particle-image fields. The spatial resolution of the PIV technique is limited pri...

The neural network method uses ideas developed from the physiological modelling of the human brain in computational mechanics. The technique provides mechanisms analogous to biological processes such as learning from experience, generalizing from learning data to a wider set of stimuli and extraction of key attributes from excessively noisy data sets. It has found frequent application in optimi...

The viral etiologies of UTRIs and LTRIs in children in Jinan city were investigated between July 2009 and June 2010. Nasal and throat swabs were collected from 397 children with URTIs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected from 323 children with LRTIs. RT-PCR/PCR was used to examine all samples for IFV, PIV, RSV, RV, hMPV, HBoV, CoV, ADV, RSV, and EV. Viral pathogens were det...

[1] Diffuse flow velocimetry (DFV) is introduced as a new, noninvasive, optical technique for measuring the velocity of diffuse hydrothermal flow. The technique uses images of a motionless, random medium (e.g., rocks) obtained through the lens of a moving refraction index anomaly (e.g., a hot upwelling). The method works in two stages. First, the changes in apparent background deformation are c...

In this paper, a direct experimental comparison is made between scanning and tomo-PIV, on an unsteady wake flow behind a half-cylinder. Several seeding densities are used in order to demonstrate the capacities and limitations of both techniques. For the scanning technique, the effect of particles elongation is investigated and the influence of the seeding density on the volume reconstruction fo...

The size specifications for suitable tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV), particularly with respect to their flow tracking capability, are discussed and quantified for several examples. A review of a wide variety of tracer materials used in recent PIV experiments in liquids and gases indicates that appropriately sized particles have normally been used. With emphasis on gas flo...

Using the CFD model, a new ventilation system design will be found later taking into consideration the ventilation efficiency such as uniformity, stability, and suitability of environmental factors in a naturally ventilated broiler house. Because conducting a field experiment for the ventilation study presented so many difficulties, a reliable 3-dimentional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) mo...

Diproline segments have been advanced as templates for nucleation of folded structure in designed peptides. The conformational space available to homochiral and heterochiral diproline segments has been probed by crystallographic and NMR studies on model peptides containing L-Pro-L-Pro and D-Pro-L-Pro units. Four distinct classes of model peptides have been investigated: a) isolated D-Pro-L-Pro ...