Can farmers change micro-climates around their crops as an adaptation to climate change? We present a novel adaptation technique for pistachio growers in California, meant to deal with warm winters. A kaolin clay mud is sprayed on dormant trees, blocking sunlight and lowering tree bud temperatures, preventing adverse yield effects of low chill. Climate predictions for California suggest that wi...

Automated processing and classiication of real-time X-ray images of randomly oriented touching pistachio nuts is discussed. The ultimate objective is the development of a system for automated non-invasive detection of defective product items on a conveyor belt. This approach involves two main steps: preprocessing and classiication. Preprocessing locates individual items and segments ones that t...

Several agro-industrial wastes (as chestnut and pistachio shells, grass, leaf fruit, vine leaf, and, red and white grape stems) were evaluated to ferulic acid extraction. The chemical analysis of these raw materials shows a high content of xylan in pistachio shells (33%), following the biorefinery concept, this fraction can be used in xylitol manufacture. The lignocellulosic materials were subm...

This paper highlights the capability of artificial neural networks for predicting shelf life of milky white dessert jeweled with pistachio. Linear layer (train) and generalized regression models were developed and compared with each other. Neurons in each hidden layers varied from 1 to 30. Data samples were divided into two sets, i.e., 80% of data samples were used for training and 20% for vali...

Roasting of whole-kernels is an important step in the production of pistachio paste. The effect of hot air roasting temperatures (90-190°C) and times (5-65 min) on the hardness, moisture content and colour attributes (‘L’, ‘a’ and ‘b’ values and yellowness index) of both whole-kernel and ground-state were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). Increases in roasting temperature a...

Twenty isolates of Trichoderma harzianum wereisolated from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio plants from different localities of Kerman Province, Iran.Five isolates with high antagonistic activity in in vitro assays against Verticillium dahliae (the causal agent of pistachio wilt), were investigated for their effect on the defense enzymes, peroxidase (PO), phenyl alanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) ...

Pistachio hull contains anacardic acids. It is a salicylic acid with side chain either saturated or unsaturated. This work focused on the efficient extraction of acids using solvent. Six aliquots were weighed and extracted hexane, ethyl acetate, mixture H2O/MeOH/HCl. Hexane was most solvent due to its ability dissolve Only one standard used quantify all them since does not affect wavelength gre...

Paecilomyces variotii is one of the most important causal agents of dieback disease in pistachio (Pistacia vera) gardens. The disease affects different parts of the tree, such as branch and trunk. Assessment of genetic structure in different populations of this species will lead to more useful management of pistachio dieback disease. In this study, genetic variation within samples of P. varioti...

introduction it has been estimated that pbp production based on fresh weight in iran is over 400,000 mt annually. pistachio by-products consist of 53.50% external hull (epicarp) with the remaining composed of leaves, mesocarp and kernel. the results of few studies showed feeding of low levels of pbp had no effects on sheep, dairy cow and goat performance. ensiled of pbp with peg, naoh and urea ...