participation of workers in decision making commensurate with their functional capacity is very useful for the development of human resources which accelerates the goal attainment. participative management and its theoretical history in the west, leadership and management theories through utilization of the results of questionnair regarding the styles. of leadership, combination of personnel re...

This special issue aimed to contribute to the unification of two disciplines focusing on cognition and intelligence: the psychology of cognitive development and the psychology of intelligence. The general principles of the organization and development of human intelligence are discussed first. Each paper is then summarized and discussed vis-à-vis these general principles. The implications for m...

This chapter considers a set of questions at the interface of the study of intuitive theories, causal knowledge, and problems of inductive inference. By an intuitive theory, we mean a cognitive structure that in some important ways is analogous to a scientific theory. It is becoming broadly recognized that intuitive theories play essential roles in organizing our most basic knowledge of the wor...

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Soar is a theory of human cognition [New89], embodied in a computer system. Soar specifies the cognitive architecture, which is the relatively fixed set of mechanisms that permit goals and knowledge of the task environment to be encoded in memory and brought to bear to produce behavior. Soar is proposed as a unified theory of cognition, and it has been applied to human behavior in a broad spect...

Introduction and abstract ˆ This short paper is offered as a foil to those produced by real thinkers about emotions.1 It is also a chance for me to think about something new, for I haven't studied emotions before, although I have spent considerable time thinking about cognitive architectures. We will find that emotions will be and must be incorporated into architectures for cognition, that both...

Human cognition entails domain-specific cognitive processes that influence memory, attention, categorization, problem-solving, reasoning, and knowledge organization. This article examines domain-specific causal theories, which are of particular interest for permitting an examination of how knowledge structures change over time. We first describe the properties of commonsense theories, and how c...

BACKGROUND Cognitive theories of depression suggest that beliefs of low self-worth and the tendency to attribute negative events to causes that are global (widespread rather than specific) and stable (will persist rather than change in the future) are associated with the development of depressed mood. Such theories are supported by evidence from prospective studies and have guided the developme...