This paper describes the present status of research on emerging nanoscale silicon devices that take full advantage of new physical phenomena which appear in silicon nanostructures. This new physics includes quantum effects that enhance the performance of MOS transistors and single-electron charging effects that add new function to conventional CMOS circuits. These physical phenomena may be used...

This article introduces a collection of essays on continuity and discontinuity in cognitive development. In his lead essay, J. Kagan (2008) argues that limitations in past research (e.g., on number concepts, physical solidarity, and object permanence) render conclusions about continuity premature. Commentaries respectively (1) argue that longitudinal contexts are essential for interpreting deve...

The use of single molecules in electronics represents the next limit of miniaturisation of electronic devices, which would enable us to continue the trend of aggressive downscaling of silicon-based electronic devices. More significantly, the fabrication, understanding and control of fully functional circuits at the single-molecule level could also open up the possibility of using molecules as d...

The long-term goal of this program is to understand the processes by which heat and mass are transported vertically by turbulent processes in the ocean in order to estimate the rates of these transports. Our ongoing studies of both the kinematics and dynamics of turbulence and other smallscale physical phenomena in the ocean emphasize observations, a continual program of sensor and instrumentat...

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance allows for noninvasive measurements of biochemical reactions in vivo. Although this technique provides a unique tool for assaying enzymatic activities in intact organs, the scope of its application is still elusive for the wider scientific community. The purpose of this review is to provide key principles and parameters to guide the researcher interested in ado...

For most wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, the positions of the sensor nodes need to be known. Global positioning systems have not fitted into WSNs very well owing to their price, power consumption, accuracy and limitations in their operating environment. Hence, the last decade has brought about a large number of proposed methods for WSN node localization. They show tremendous variati...

In this paper we discuss how different kinds of models can be combined in an educational setting to enable students to experience natural phenomena, here earthquakes. Different tools enable students to manipulate virtual models, construct physical models and formulate mathematical models. Ideally, the modelling processes and the resulting models complement each other to some degree. Virtual and...

The paper is dedicated to the theory which describes physical phenomena in non-constant statistical conditions. The theory is a new direction in probability theory and mathematical statistics that gives new possibilities for presentation of physical world by hyper-random models. These models take into consideration the changing of object’s properties, as well as uncertainty of statistical condi...

Unexpected and stunning new physical phenomena result when light interacts with a shock wave or shocklike dielectric modulation propagating through a photonic crystal. These new phenomena include the capture of light at the shock wave front and reemission at a tunable pulse rate and carrier frequency across the band gap, and bandwidth narrowing as opposed to the ubiquitous bandwidth broadening....