Meteoric sphaerosiderite lines (MSLs), defined by invariant dO and variable dC values, are obtained from ancient wetland palaeosol sphaerosiderites (millimetre-scale FeCO3 nodules), and are a stable isotope proxy record of terrestrial meteoric isotopic compositions. The palaeoclimatic utility of sphaerosiderite has been well tested; however, diagenetically altered horizons that do not yield sim...

The Apuan Alps (NW Tuscany) is an important area of Central Italy characterized by large karst systems mainly fed via direct and diffuse water infiltration (autogenic recharge). These waters usually transport a clastic sediment load, originated natural, surface subsurface rock erosion/weathering which, in part, deposited underground. In the Alps, during extreme rain event, huge amounts carbonat...

Abstract Tires waste is an undesirable urban industry surplus that has grown worldwide yearly. Because of its seals, this material may be used in earth dams, one option for disposing waste. Since the main objective study, experiment on a soil sample with various ratios rubber powder been conducted to better comprehend impact tire (TRP) seepage rate earthen dams. This study physical and numerica...

Abstract Phreatic explosions at volcanoes are difficult to forecast but can be locally devastating, as illustrated by the deadly 2019 Whakaari (New Zealand) eruption. Quantifying eruption likelihood is essential for risk calculations that underpin volcano access decisions and disaster response. But estimating probabilities notoriously sudden onset eruptions. Here, we describe two retrospectivel...

The world of construction, and especially the area underground works, is immersed in a constant state innovation development. In this area, numerous innovative variables are handled, both improvements to material properties construction technology new user requirements demands. Throughout history, civil engineering has had offer support for needs comfort, aesthetics, sustainability worker safet...