Oxidative stress is detrimental to life process and is particularly responsible for aging and age-related diseases. Thus, most organisms are well equipped with a spectrum of biological defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. The major efficient antioxidative mechanism is the glutathione system, operating a redox cycling mechanism for glutathione utilization, which consists of glutathione a...

A series of photochemical reactions are assessed under the environmental aspect by using Eissen and Metzger’s EATOS (environmental assessment tool for organic syntheses) method and are compared with strictly analogous thermal processes. These include C–C bond-forming reactions (arylation and alkylation) and selective oxidation and reduction reactions. In most cases, the photochemical method is ...

Lightning plays a major role in tropospheric oxidation, and its on modulating chemistry was thought to be emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recent field laboratory measurements demonstrate that lightning generates extremely large amounts oxidants, including hydrogen (HOx) O3. Here, we implement these lightning-produced oxidants global chemical transport model examine impact composition. We fi...