introduction cultivated sunflower is one of the largest oilseed crops in the world. sunflower seed is the third largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, following soybean and canola. nitrogen is one of the most important elements for crops to achieve optimum yields and quality. phosphorus (p), next to nitrogen, is often the most limiting nutrient for crop and forage production. phosphorus ava...

this research was conducted on determination of better planting distance and better amount of nitrogen and phosphorus for hybrid rice (bahar 1). planting distance were used in this experiment, include 30×15, 30×20 and 30×25 cm as main factor. and also nitrogen fertilizer was used, include four levels, 65, 95, 125 and 155 k/ha and phosphorus fertilizer used include tow levels, 50 and 100 k/ha as...

Despite extensive study of pollination and plant reproduction on the one hand, and of plant demography on the other, we know remarkably little about links between seed production in successive generations, and hence about long-term population consequences of variation in pollination success. We bridged this "generation gap" in Ipomopsis aggregata, a long-lived semelparous wildflower that is pol...

In 1989, identical crosses (2-3 females within males) were performed with Picea abies (L.) Karst. in a greenhouse seed orchard at Biri nursery and in an outdoor seed orchard at Huse, 32 km north of Biri. Pollination began 17 days earlier in the greenhouse than outdoors at Huse. The potted grafts in the greenhouse were moved outdoors when the seed cones were no longer receptive. Twelve full-sib ...

A field experiment was conducted at the `Research Farm` of Regional Seed Production Office of Lal Teer Seed Limited, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during November 2008 to April 2009. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of bulb size and planting spacing on seed production of cultivar Taherpuri onion. Three bulb sizes [small (5±2g), medium (10±2g), and large (15±2g)] and four planting spacin...

In plants, seasonal changes in day length are perceived in leaves, which initiate long-distance signaling that induces flowering at the shoot apex. The identity of the long-distance signal has yet to be determined. In Arabidopsis, activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcription in leaf vascular tissue (phloem) induces flowering. We found that FT messenger RNA is required only transiently in ...

Seed size in higher plants is an important agronomic trait, and is also crucial for evolutionary fitness. In flowering plants, the seed comprises three major anatomical components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, each with different genetic compositions. Therefore, seed size is coordinately determined by the growth of the embryo, endosperm and maternal tissue. Recent studies have r...

New irrigation methods under different nutritional element supplies for maize production was designed and tested for evaluate quantitative and qualitative parameters by split-plot arrangement according complete randomized block design with three replications. Different Irrigation regimes was belonged to main plots (Conventional furrow irrigation: CFI or A1, Alternate furrow irrigation: AFI or A...

The increased worldwide commercial cultivation of transgenic crops during the past 20 years is accompanied with potential effects on the soil microbial communities, because many rhizosphere and endosphere bacteria play important roles in promoting plant health and growth. Previous studies reported that transgenic plants exert differential effects on soil microbial communities, especially rhizob...

background and objectives: sugar beet seed plants about five to six weeks after the formation of a seed stem, flowering started and within two weeks, this stage of plant growth will be completed. a significant negative correlation between the temperature received from flowering to seed maturity and the plant reproductive growth period with grain yield shows that the long plant reproductive grow...