A thermostable acetylxylan esterase gene, TTE0866, which catalyzes the deacetylation of cellulose acetate, was cloned from the genome of Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis. The pH and temperature optima were 8.0 and 60 °C. The esterase was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. A mixture of the esterase and cellulolytic enzymes efficiently degraded insoluble cellulose aceta...

Sections of frozen-dried stomach mucosa of the rabbit cut at various levels from the surface were analyzed for esterase activity in relation to the proportions of cell types present. Aside from the fraction attributable to extracellular esterase all the esterase activity appears to be in proportion to the numbers of foveolar and neck mucous cells present in the sample.

The esterase and depsidase activities of tannase have been examined by kinetic methods. Although the esterase/depsidase ratio of tannase may be varied by cultural methods and isolation procedures, evidence has been obtained to show that tannase, esterase and depsidase are enzymes with low specificities capable of hydrolysing both esters and depsides of gallic acid.

The polyisoprenylation pathway enzymes have been the focus of numerous studies to better understand the roles of polyisoprenylated proteins in eukaryotic cells and to identify novel targets against diseases such as cancer. The final step of the pathway is a reversible reaction catalyzed by isoprenyl carboxylmethyl transferase (icmt) whose products are then hydrolyzed by polyisoprenylated methyl...

or transducin), in turn, causes an increase in phosphodi-esterase activity, resulting in decreased levels of cAMP, ultimately leading to an increase in Ca 2ϩ influx. In addi-for sugars involves the G protein–mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase and the production of cAMP, whereas Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808 saccharin, an artificial sweetener, activates phospholi-pase C, causing the producti...

An enzyme hydrolyzing 4to g-carbon y-lactones has been purified 12to 15-fold from rat liver and from human plasma. In rat liver the enzyme is located in the microsomal fraction and may be solubilized by deoxycholate treatment and separated from microsomal B-esterase by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The effects of a series of inhibitors on y-lactonase, B-esterase purified from rat liver micros...

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) was recently identified to be essential for the bioactivation of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Here we assessed whether other organic nitrates are bioactivated by a similar mechanism. The ALDH-2 inhibitor benomyl reduced the vasodilator potency, but not the efficacy, of GTN, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and pentaerythritol trinitrate in phenyle...

Certain esterase inhibitors protect from organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) when given before a neuropathic organophosphate by inhibiting neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In contrast, they can exaggerate OPIDP when given afterwards and this effect (promotion) is associated with inhibition of another esterase (M200). In vitro sensitivities of hen, rat, and human NTE and M200...

Imidacloprid is the most widely used insecticide in the world. In this study, we used spraying methods to simulate field exposures of bees to formulated imidacloprid (Advise® 2FL) alone and binary mixtures with seven pesticides from different classes. Synergistic toxicity was detected from mixtures of Advise (58.6 mg a.i./L imidacloprid)+Domark (512.5 mg a.i. /L tetraconazole), Advise+Transform...

This paper examines the functional mechanism of thioxolone, a compound recently identified as a weak inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II by Iyer et al. (2006) J. Biomol. Screening 11, 782-791 . Thioxolone lacks sulfonamide, sulfamate, or hydroxamate functional groups that are typically found in therapeutic carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, such as acetazolamide. Analytical chemistry and ...