BACKGROUND Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) proliferation by oral anti-hyperglycemic agents may have a role to play in the amelioration of vascular disease in diabetes. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) inhibit vSMC proliferation but it has been reported that they anomalously stimulate [3H]-thymidine incorporation. We investigated three TZDs, two biguanides and two sulfonylureas for the...

Lactic acidosis is a clinical condition due to accumulation of H(+) ions from lactic acid, characterized by blood lactate levels >5 mM and arterial pH <7.25. In addition to supportive care, treatment usually consists of intravenous NaHCO(3), with a resultant mortality >60%. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a compound that lowers blood lactate levels under various conditions in both man and laboratory a...

Prostatic Reservoir of Gonococci L. Molin, M.D., and D. Danielsson, M.D. .. 767 Appendicitis in Infancy R. J. M. Love, F.R.C.S ................... 767 Perforated Diverticulitis A. P. Barabas, F.R.C.S . .................. 767 Apomorphine in Parkinsonian Tremor J. Braham, M.D., and others .............. 768 Hydroxyprolinuria C. E. Dent, F.R.C.P., F.R.S ................. 768 Viruses and Immunosupp...

M etformin is the only biguanide that is available in the U.S. Another biguanide, phenformin, had been used since the 1950s, but was declared an “imminent hazard” in 1976 because of lactic acidosis (1). At the time of its removal from the market, there had been 306 documented cases of phenformin-associated lactic acidosis (2), including 1 fatal and 2 nonfatal cases in the randomized controlled ...