Photonic crystal modes can be tailored for increasing light matter interactions and light extraction efficiencies. These PhC properties have been explored for improving the device performance of LEDs, solar cells and precision biosensors. Tuning the extended band structure of 2D PhC provides a means for increasing light extraction throughout a planar device. This requires careful design and fab...

BACKGROUND Aging in an unfamiliar landscape can pose health challenges for the growing numbers of immigrants and their health care providers. Therefore, better understanding of how different immigrant groups use Primary Health Care (PHC), and the underlying factors that explain utilization is needed to provide adequate and appropriate public health responses. Our aim is to describe and compare ...

BACKGROUND Good health and equal health care are the cornerstones of the Swedish Health and Medical Service Act. Recent studies show that the average level of health, measured as longevity, improves in Sweden, however, social inequalities in health remain a major issue. An important issue is how health care services can contribute to reducing inequalities in health, and the impact of a recent P...

BACKGROUND Primary health care (PHC) encompasses an array of health and social services that focus on preventative, diagnostic, and basic care measures to maintain wellbeing and address illnesses. In Canada, PHC involves the provision of first-contact health care services by providers such as family physicians and general practitioners - collectively referred as PHC physicians here. Ensuring ac...

In this letter, the evolutionary game theory (EGT) with replication dynamic equations (RDEs) is adopted to explicitly determine factors affecting energy providers’ (EPs) willingness of using market power uplift price in bidding procedure, which could be simulated win-or-learn-fast policy hill climbing (WoLF-PHC) algorithm as a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) method. Firstly, empirical...

The three-membered silacyclic ring compounds LSi[N(2)(Ph)(2)]tBu (1), LSi[HCN(Ph)(2)]tBu (2) and LSi[C(2)(Ph)(2)]tBu (3) were obtained by the treatment of base stabilized monoalkylsilylenes LSitBu (L = PhC(NtBu)(2)) with PhN=NPh, PhN=CHPh and PhC≡CPh. The reaction of PhN=NPh and PhC≡CPh with LSitBu shows a different reactivity pattern with base stabilized monochlorosilylene LSiCl. The arrangeme...

To determine adherence of primary health care (PHC) physicians to the National Protocol for the Management of Asthma and barriers affecting adherence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Sixty-one PHC physicians completed self-administered questionnaires on the protocol recommendations. We also checked 212 medical records for adherence. Despite high awareness amo...

In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) graphene-based plasmonic photonic crystals (PhCs) are proposed. The band structures and density of states (DOS) have been numerically investigated. Photonic band gaps (PBGs) are found in both 1D and 2D PhCs. Meanwhile, graphene-based plasmonic PhC nanocavity with resonant frequency around 175 THz, is realized by introducing point defe...

A photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity formed in an optically very thick slab can support reasonably high-Q modes for lasing. Experimentally, we demonstrate room-temperature pulsed lasing operation from the PhC dipole mode emitting at 1324 nm, which is fabricated in an InGaAsP slab with thickness (T) of 606 nm. Numerical simulation reveals that when T≥800 nm, over 90% of the laser output power cou...