The electronic industry has grown vastly in recent years, and researchers are trying to minimize circuits delay, occupied area and power consumption as much as possible. In this regard, many technologies have been introduced. Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the schemes to design nano-scale digital electronic circuits. This technology has high speed and low power consumption, and occup...

In this article, a mixed–signal, 32-kHz reference-based 2.4-GHz fractional- ${N}$ over-sampling phase-locked loop (OSPLL) is proposed. Different from the conventional notation="LaTeX">$1\times $ sampling PLL, which only uses zero-cros...

Background First-line palliative treatment for patients with R/M SCCHN includes platinum-based chemotherapy. There are no standard second-line options upon relapse and median survival is limited. In SCCHN, tumors create a highly immunosuppressive environment and evade immune detection by exploiting inhibitory immune checkpoints such as the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell ...

In this work, electrocatalyst with core-shell structure (Pd as core and Pt as shell on VulcanXC-72R) was synthesis. Not only this structure can reduce the amount of platinum but it also can increase the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) performance in cathode reaction (Oxygen Reduction Reaction or ORR) of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To this meaning, one series of electrocatalyst...

Background. Iron is considered to lead to neurodegeneration and has been hypothesized as a possible cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a powerful tool to measure phase related iron content of brain. Methods. Twelve de novo patients with PD were recruited from the Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University. Twelve age- and s...

This paper presents the comparative study of three phase twenty five level diode clamped and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The comparison is made in respect of requirement of devices, quality of output voltage and reduction of total harmonic distortion at the multilevel inverter terminals. In this work multicarrier sinusoidal pulse modulation control methods of Phase disposition (PD-P...

   Nowadays, one of the most important blocks in telecommunication circuits is the frequency synthesizer and the frequency multipliers. Phase-frequency detectors are the inseparable parts of these circuits. In this paper, it has been attempted to design two new structures for phase-frequency detectors in QCA nanotechnology. The proposed structures have the capability of detecting the phase ...

EXO is a search for neutrinoless double beta decay in 136 Xe. An active R&D program for a 10 ton, enriched 136 Xe liquid phase detector is now underway. Current research projects are: decay product extraction, Xe purity studies, energy resolution studies, and Ba+ ion laser-tagging. Half lives of up to 5.0x10 28 yr will be ultimately probed, corresponding to a sensitivity to Majorana neutrino ma...

1 This work study the effects of the noise spikes on the digital symbol synchronizers. In these synchronizers, we distinguish two types namely the combinational digital symbol synchronizers and the sequential digital symbol synchronizers. The combinational type has a phase detector without intern memory whereas the sequential type has a phase detector with intern memory. The objective is to stu...

A periodic clock signal is required in many ICs. These clocks are for instance used to define the sampling moments in data converters; to up-convert and down-convert the wanted signals in wireless transceivers and to synchronize the data flow in wireline and optical serial data communication links. The clock timing/phase accuracy affects the overall system performance and therefore a clock gene...