BACKGROUND Oxacillin continues to be an important agent in the treatment of staphylococcal infections; many generic products are available and the only requirement for their approval is demonstration of pharmaceutical equivalence. We tested the assumption that pharmaceutical equivalence predicts therapeutic equivalence by comparing 11 generics with the innovator product in terms of concentratio...

BACKGROUND Physicians' financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry are controversial because such relationships may pose a conflict of interest. It is unknown to what extent industry support of medical education and research influences the opinions and behavior of clinicians and researchers. The recent debate over the safety of calcium-channel antagonists provided an opportunity to...

BACKGROUND In recent years, China has experienced tremendous growth in its pharmaceutical industry. Both the Chinese government and private investors are motivated to invest into pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). However, studies regarding the different behaviors of public and private investment in pharmaceutical R&D are scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the current...

BACKGROUND Demonstration of equivalent amounts of the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) between generic and innovator products (pharmaceutical equivalence) is a basic requirement of regulatory agencies for intravenous generic drugs prior to clinical use, and constitutes the pivotal point to assume therapeutic equivalence. Physicochemical methods are preferred instead of biological ass...

A vast majority of the EU countries are witnessing a rise in the share of public pharmaceutical spending in the total drugs expenditure. This urges governments to adopt cost containment measures through more stringent norms in their pharmaceutical policies. The aim of this paper is to review the existing pharmaceuticals cost-containment policies in the EU in order to illustrate the complexity o...

the supply chain represents the critical link between the development of new product and the market in pharmaceutical industry. over the years, improvements made in supply chain operations have focused largely on ways to reduce cost and gain efficiencies in scale. in addition, powerful regulatory and market forces have provided new incentives for pharmaceutical firms to basically rethink the wa...

a simple and rapid stability indicating method based on capillary zone electrophoresis has been developed and validated for the analysis of buserelin (bus). the best separations were achieved by using a bare fused silica capillary (75 m i.d.; 65.5 cm total, 57.0 cm effective length), phosphate buffer (ph = 3.00; 26.4 mm), at 35 °c. the sample was hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 5 seco...

in this study, a new reaction system for quantitative determination of ascorbic acid was introduced. the developed method is based on inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on the orange g-bromate system. the change in absorbance was followed spectrophotometrically at 478 nm. the dependence of sensitivity on the reaction variables including reagents concentration, temperature and time was investiga...

information plays a vital role in effective management of any system. with the health management information system (hmis) specific information may be provide to support o the decision makers at various levels of the health system to assist evidence-based decision making. pharmaceutical distributor companies have reported their sales data to moh at monthly intervals. each company should report ...