Cuttlebone, the sophisticated buoyancy device of cuttlefish, is made of extensive superposed chambers that have a complex internal arrangement of calcified pillars and organic membranes. It has not been clear how this structure is assembled. We find that the membranes result from a myriad of minor membranes initially filling the whole chamber, made of nanofibres evenly oriented within each memb...

Abstract The Old English poem Pharaoh has been largely unconsidered in critical literature owing to its formal and interpretive obscurities, which have led relegation a secondary place the poetic canon. text traditionally read as an unsuccessful attempt at replicating Latin models of dialogic invite reflection on typological associations crossing Red Sea. It accordingly almost exclusively part ...

Cognitive scripts can act as a basis for representing behavioral tasks and domain knowledge in cognitive systems. Each event in a cognitive script is either temporally or causally linked with preceding and succeeding events. This temporal progression of events is what provides context to a particular cognitive script. In other words, it is this linking that provides a deeper explanation of a ke...

To evaluate the effects of the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen on colonies of the Pharaoh ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.), peanut oil containing different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, or 0.9%) of pyriproxyfen was fed to monogynous (1 queen, 500 workers, and 0.1 g of brood) and polygynous (8 queens, 50 workers, and 0.1 g of brood) laboratory colonies of M. pharaonis. Due to its delayed activit...

Five selected insecticides were applied to four substrates and evaluated in laboratory studies for repellency and toxicity against the Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.). We tested both repellent and nonrepellent formulations on outdoor (concrete and mulch) and indoor (ceramic and vinyl) substrates. Repellency was evaluated using a behavioral bioassay in which colonies were given a choice t...

Hongwei Yao 1, Jun-Wei Qiao 1,*, Michael C. Gao 2,3,*, Jeffrey A. Hawk 2, Sheng-Guo Ma 4 and Hefeng Zhou 1 1 Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 2 National Energy Technology Laboratory, Albany, OR 9732...

The quality of Pharaoh quail eggs obtained at 8, 13, 18 and 23 weeks of age was evaluated. Eggs laid by the oldest quail were characterized by the greatest weight (12.2 g), length (32.6 mm), width (25.8 mm) and shell surface area (25.3 cm2). The lowest shell weight was found in eggs from the youngest quail (0.9 g), and the lowest shell proportion (8.2%) was characteristic of eggs from the oldes...

We propose a novel syntax-based model for statistical machine translation in which meta-structure (MS) and meta-structure sequence (SMS) of a parse tree are defined. In this framework, a parse tree is decomposed into SMS to deal with the structure divergence and the alignment can be reconstructed at different levels of recombination of MS (RM). RM pairs extracted can perform the mapping between...

Yanwei Fan 1,2, Ning Huang 1,*, Jiaguo Gong 3, Xiaoxia Shao 2, Jie Zhang 1 and Tong Zhao 2 1 Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, the Ministry of Education of China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730050, China; [email protected] (Y.F.); [email protected] (J.Z.); 2 College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Un...

ABSTRACT To conceal themselves on the seafloor, European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, express a large repertoire of body patterns. Scenes with 3D relief are especially challenging because it is not possible either to directly recover visual depth from 2D retinal image or for cuttlefish alter its shape resemble nearby objects. Here, we characterised camouflage responses relief, and cast shadow...