List of Abbreviations CIIAPTER ONE General Introduction Pollution of Saudi Arabian soil with crude oil Chemistry and biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbon Environmental fate of petroleum Factors influencing petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation Distribution of petroleum-utilizing microorganisms in the environment Biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon Bacterial degradation of oil Fu...

Topological relationships between geological objects are of great interest in the process of mining and petroleum exploration. Indeed, adjacency, inclusion and intersection are common relationships between geological objects such as faults, geological units, fractures, reservoirs... However, in the context of 3D modeling, actual geometric data structures used to store objects of interest are no...

In petroleum production, Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) has earned much interest among disposal methods of the produced water. However, presence of the contaminants in the produced waters usually results in formation damage in well bores and their surrounding fracture systems. In the present study, modeling of external cake formation on a fracture in unsteady-state conditions i...

A distributed-framework hydrologic modeling system (DF-HMS) is a primary and significant component of basin (DFBMS), which simulates the hydrological processes responses after rainfall at scale, especially for non-homogenous basins. The DFBMS consists 11 feature units (HFUs) involving vertical horizontal geographic areas in basin. Appropriate or hydraulic methods are adopted different HFUs to s...

the long term goal attaining of economic system management requires the establishment of a dynamic framework to integrate multiple perspectives. this article considers the problem of economic development in macro level. as economic systems are complex adaptive systems composed of numerous numbers of components of dynamic and multidimensional nature, dynamics method is applied in this research. ...

Petroleum is the most common global fossil fuel. It a complex multi-component system mainly composed of various hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, mono-, bi- and polyaromatic compounds, resins asphaltenes. In spite humanity’s need for petroleum, it negatively affects environment due to its toxicity. The ecological problem especially serious at petroleum mining sites or during transport...