the most usual type of petroleum mulch, which has been successfully used to combat desertification in large areain iran for more than thirty years, is produced by heavy residue petroleum cuts. the petroleum mulch consists of awide range of different heavy hydrocarbons such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). pahs are present atlow level in petroleum mulch, where there is contact with wa...

The impact of oil pollutions on coastal environment, concerns both the economy and the quality of life. The increasing importance of petroleum products and its maritime transportation raised the concern on navigation safety and environmental protection, leading to a major interest in frameworks for remotely detecting oil spill at sea. While many of the approaches have been focused on large oil ...

Recent advances in interdisciplinary fields as diverse as astrophysics, cosmogeophysics, nuclear geology, etc. have led to interesting developments in the non-organic theory of the genesis of petroleum. This theory, which holds that petroleum is of an abiogenic primordial origin, provides an explanation for certain features of petroleum geology that are hard to explain within the standard organ...

in today’s turbulent world, the continuity of criticalactivities in the event of disruptions, and also fast recovery and return tobusiness as usual, are vital for sustainable success of companies. maintainingcontinuous delivery of critical business processes in the event of disruptions isa matter of business continuity. business continuity management system (bcms)is concerned with the developme...

Water-in-oil mixtures were grouped into four states or classes: stable, mesostable, unstable, and entrained water. Of these, only stable and mesostable states can be characterized as emulsions. These states were established according to lifetime, visual appearance, complex modulus, and differences in viscosity. Water content at formation was not an important factor. Water-in-oil emulsions made ...