Excised human skin has so far been considered to be one of the most suitable in vitro methods to evaluate the penetration of dermatologically applied substances. The limited supply and the relatively high donor variability stimulated many research groups to use animal skin as a substitute for human skin. Since nowadays reconstructed skin equivalents are commercially available, we examined these...

A series of drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery systems (patch) with different chemical penetration enhancers were designed to deliver drug through the skin as a site of application. The objective of our effort was to study the influence of various chemical penetration enhancers on skin permeation rate and adhesion properties of a transdermal drug delivery system using Box-Behnken experi...

The study evaluated the potential of nanoemulsions for the topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and methyl ALA (mALA). The drugs were incorporated in oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) formulations obtained by using soybean oil or squalene as the oil phase. The droplet size, zeta potential, and environmental polarity of the nanocarriers were assessed as physicochemical propert...

of a paper to be present at the March 2004 meeting of American Physical Society. These abstracts can be seen at the APS web site: http://www.eps.org/aps/meet/MAR03/baps/abs/S9530.html 28) J.Bockris “Early Contributions From Workers at Texas A&M University to (So-Caled) Low Energy Nuclear Reactions.”Journal of New Energy, Vol 4, no 2, 1999, p. 40 29) J. Bockris, G. Lin, and N. Packham " A Review...

the available minoxidil formulations for topical application suffer with major drawback having less contact time with the scalp which requires repeated application. hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of microemulsions and microemulsion based hydrogel systems (mehs) for increased percutaneous penetration of minoxidil. minoxidil microemulsions were developed by following...

The release kinetics of dihydroetorphine (DHE) from pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape with an ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymer (EVA) membrane as a diffusion-controlling membrane and its protective effect from an unpredictable increase in skin permeation of DHE caused by stratum corneum damage were investigated. The DHE flux through the EVA membrane was enhanced with the increase of vinyl ...

Voltage-gated calcium (Ca(V)) channels deliver Ca(2+) to trigger cellular functions ranging from cardiac muscle contraction to neurotransmitter release. The mechanism by which these channels select for Ca(2+) over other cations is thought to involve multiple Ca(2+)-binding sites within the pore. Although the Ca(2+) affinity and cation preference of these sites have been extensively investigated...

Topical application of ectoparasiticides for flea and tick control is a major focus for product development in animal health. The objective of this work was to develop a quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPeR) model sensitive to formulation effects for predicting absorption and skin deposition of five topically applied drugs administered in six vehicle combinations to porcine a...

H+/OH- permeation through lipid bilayers occurs at anomalously high rates and the determinants of proton flux through membranes are poorly understood. Since all life depends on proton gradients, it is important to develop a greater understanding of proton leak phenomena. We have used stopped-flow fluorimetry to probe the influence of two lipid raft components, chol (cholesterol) and SM (sphingo...

The aim of the study was to develop a reservoir-type transdermal patch for a controlled delivery of dexibuprofen and to evaluate its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in Albino Wistar rats. In order to develop these patches, six formulations of dexibuprofen microemulsion comprising ethyl oleate, Tween 80: PG (2 : 1), and water were prepared by simplex lattice design and characterized. The rese...