This review addresses the effects of childbirth on the pelvic floor, urinary continence mechanisms and the perineum. Genitourinary prolapse affects 15% of women and stress incontinence 20–30%. The major risk factors are age and childbirth, with severity increasing with parity. There are three mechanisms of support for the pelvic organs and bladder neck. These are (i) the muscular component: lev...

BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the two methods of delivery, "hands-on" vs. "hands poised", on perineal trauma and delivery outcome in primiparous women referred to Shariati Hospital of Isfahan during 2007-2008. METHODS In a clinical trial study, 100 low risk primiparous pregnant women were randomly assigned to two hands-on and hand-poised (hands-of...

BACKGROUND: Perineal injury is an to the urogenital diaphragm and levator ani muscle, which occurs during normal delivery, or vaginal can occur without perineal skin. wounds become one of breeding media for germs so that it becomes cause puerperal infection. infection because location perineum moist a ground bacteria. Incidence in wound spread birth canal urinary tract. Infectious conditions wi...

Episiotomy is a medical procedure of cutting the perineum including mucous membranes vagina, tissues, muscles and perineal fascia as well foreskin perineum. About 85% women who give birth vaginal spontaneously experience trauma by 32-33% due to episiotomy. Perineal rupture, whether caused an episiotomy or spontaneous will cause bleeding, leave pain increase risk post partum infection. Exercise ...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESISThe risk for urinary incontinence can be 2.6-fold greater in women after pregnancy and childbirth compared with their never-pregnant counterparts, with the incidence increasing with parity. We tested the hypothesis that the incidence of de novo postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparous women is reduced with the use of spontaneous pushing alone or in combination w...

The delivery process often causes injuries and trauma to the uterine vaginal areas. Especially those who do delivery. This wound can cause uncomfortable feelings also quite severe pain when giving birth pregnant women. And in order reduce or overcome this pain, of course there are several ways that be done help women labor so during labor. purpose study was find out obtain information data on h...

Purpose: Perineal endometriosis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial stroma and glands in the perineum. Most commonly observed in the episiotomy scar after normal vaginal deliveries, perineal endometriosis is not often considered in the differential diagnosis of perineal masses. This could lead to unnecessary investigations and inadequate patient treatments. ca...

introduction: significant perineal injuries and major pelvic fractures resulting from blunt trauma manifest a high-energy injury. open pelvic fractures (with perineal injury) are associated with higher mortality rates of 40 to 60 %. methods: this study was a review of patients with multiple traumas comprising of major pelvic fracture and severe perineal injuries (shahid kamyab hospital in mashh...

BACKGROUND Pain after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum pain management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural morphine after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal pain. METHODS This randomized, dou...

BACKGROUND Laparoscopy-assisted low anterior resection (LAR) of colorectal cancer, using a posterior surgical approach, is a difficult and controversial procedure to perform. We report successful operations on 13 patients with clear surgical margins and no serious complications. METHODS Thirteen patients [10 males and three females, age range: 48 to 69 years (median: 61 years)] with low adeno...