Conformal multilayer micro-nanocrystalline diamond coatings were grown on substrates of a hard alloy with 9% Co high aspect number in microwave plasma from gas mixtures CH4/H2 and CH4/H2/N2. The cylindrical axial tool model size ratio: d = 12 mm to l 75 mm. An original holder made molybdenum, the form sector excessive ring axis hole parallel central conductive platform, protects part substrate ...

The advent of digital imaging in radiology, combined with the explosive growth of technology, has dramatically improved imaging techniques. This has led to the expansion of diagnostic capabilities, both in terms of the number of procedures and their scope. Throughout the world, film/screen radiography systems are being rapidly replaced with digital systems. Many progressive medical institutions...

A radiograph positioning device was developed to fit with commercially available film holders and implant systems. The device is indexed to the dental implant body and the adjacent dentition by using an implant placement driver and polyvinyl siloxane occlusal registration material. By fitting the device to a conventional film holder, accurate orthogonal radiographs can monitor changes in bone a...

This hospital was established in September 1971, and is currently a university hospital comprising two basement levels and 19 aboveground floors (Fig. 1). With its attached critical care center and general perinatal medical center as well as its 23 medical departments offering 1154 beds, it contributes to regional health services and functions as an advanced treatment hospital. The hospital han...

Increasingly, veterinarians are using medical imaging to diagnose their patients. There is a corresponding tendency towards replacing conventional film-screen systems with digital medical imaging systems, such as computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR). With these systems, many veterinarians around the world are enjoying considerable benefits, including time savings and optimal im...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Defecography has been recognized as a valuable method for evaluating patients with evacuation disorders. It consists of the use of static radiography and fluoroscopy to record different situations within anorectal dynamics. Conventionally, rectal parameters are measured using radiograms. It is rare for fluoroscopy alone to be used. Computer software has been developed with...

The laterally graded multilayer collimator is a vital part of high-precision diffractometer. It applied as condensing reflectors to convert divergent X-rays from laboratory X-ray sources into parallel beam. thickness the film varies with angle incidence guarantee every position on mirror satisfies Bragg reflection. In principle, accuracy parameters sputtering conditions essential for achieving ...

introduction: success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. among the most important factors, appropriate preparation of the root canal system and keeping periapical region intact as much as possible could be mentioned. these are achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal i.e. the working length. several methods are introduced for working lengt...

The aim of this work was to identify the limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of root canal treatment. Traditionally, periapical radiography has been used to assess the outcome of root canal treatment with the absence of a periapical radiolucency being considered a confirmation of a healthy periapex. However, a high percentage of cases confirmed as healt...

X-rays are electromagnetic (EM) radiation with characteristics of short wavelengths, very high frequencies and very high energy. High energy EM radiation exhibits characteristics of both waves and discrete bundles of energy called photons. X-ray photon energy is usually measured in kilo-electron volts (keV) and diagnostic x-ray energies are typically 10 to 150 keV. Such high energy EM radiation...