The valuation of ecosystem services is a complex process as it includes several dimensions (ecological, socio-cultural and economic) and not all of these can be quantified in monetary units. The aim of this paper is to conduct an ecosystem services valuation study for mangroves ecosystems, the results of which can be used to inform governance and management of mangroves. We used an expert-based...

Clock synchronization algorithms ensure that physically dispersed processors have a common knowledge of time. This report proposes a survey of software fault-tolerant clock synchronization algorithms: deterministic, probabilistic and statistical ; internal and external ; and resilient from crash to Byzantine failures. Our survey is based on a classiica-tion of clock synchronization algorithms (...

In this paper,we investigate the pricing and return policy issueof one-echelon green supply chain, contain a manufacture who produces two type of products: green and non-green products. These products have a same functional but in selling price and environmentally issues have different effects. Also we consider return policy for both products that can stimulate the customer valuation. We develo...

Retail business is characterized by different business models: pure-play model and dual channel approach, which uses both physical and online channels to reach customers. There is conflicting evidence regarding the relative value of these business models to the consumers. We take a market valuation approach to evaluate the relative merits of both business models. We consider a panel of publicly...

One of the most sustainable ways of improving the landscape value is the valorisation of the countryside dirt road network with the purpose of creating a greenweb, a communication system able to improve the territory attractiveness. The study assumes an axiological approach to land planning, including a qualitative valuation model and an interactive multicriteria tool based on the combination o...

hara biosphere reserve in southern hormozgan province with 85686 hectares areas is located between bandar khamir and queshm island. this area can be considered as the most spectacular regions of iran for a unique coastal seascape. mangrove forests and amazing biodiversity make this region as the most significant ecotourism areas throughout the country. this research attempts to determine recrea...