the present study was an attempt to compare the effect of peer metalinguistic corrective feedback on elementary and intermediate efl learners speaking ability to see which level benefits more from this type of feedback. to this end, 117 female efl learners at grade 3, al-zahra high school in kermanshah, iran were non-randomly chosen. the homogeneity of the participants was attained through a pi...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

  Crude oil is the most important input in production, and its price shocks are remarkable because of its significant impact on the real economy. Oil is important in economic activity and financial markets. The shock of oil prices may also affect the performance of banks, with adverse effects on macroeconomics such as consumption and investment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the...