OBJECTIVE To describe children's consumption of processed foods and its relationship with per capita family income based on a household survey. METHODS Food consumption was studied in a statistical sample of 718 children living in the city of São Paulo in the period 1995-1996. A 24-hour dietary recall was used. Data regarding the association of children's consumption of 24 processed foods and...

During 1990-2001, only 0.6 per cent of additional global income per capita contributed to reducing poverty below the $1-a-day line, down from 2.2 per cent during 1981-1990, and barely half the poor’s share of global income. Coupled with the constraints on global growth associated with climate change, and the disproportionately adverse net impact of climate change on the poor, this casts serious...

Much of the recent literature distinguishes between exogenous and endogenous growth models. We have studied the former, and now we look at the latter. What is the difference? The importance difference is that in the former the steady-state growth rate is determined exogenously, e.g., technical change. In the latter, it is determined endogenously. The models are interesting because they often le...

Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues like energy usage and economic growth, this paper, concerning the effects of proximity, evaluates the effects of energy usage and economic growth on emissio...

This paper considers the relationship between growth in real per capita GDP and the growth in real per capita GDP of the poorest 20% of a country. It uses the data set compiled by Dollar and Kraay (2002), but come to very different conclusions. We argue that if the purpose is to answer questions about the impact of growth on the poor, models are best estimated in growth rates. The empirical res...

Many countries simultaneously suffer from high rates of inflation, low growth rates of per capita income and poorly developed financial sectors. In this paper, we integrate a microfounded model of money and finance into a model of endogenous growth to examine the effects of inflation and financial development. We address two quantitative issues. One is the effects of an exogenous improvement in...