Through the analysis of participation Amazonian indigenous peoples in presidential elections 2011, 2016, and 2021, this article illustrates how, two hundred years after Peru´s political independence, they are still excluded from full-fledged citizenship. In first part, it addresses main obstacles to defining measuring vote, as well reasons that hinder adequate electoral participation. It then d...

Ecuador is remarkably known as the first country that granted natural constitutional rights. However, it still does not guarantee its nature preservation. This Latin American also highly dependent on oil. The dilemma of continuity extractive industries emerged in discussion. influences indigenous peoples' unmet rights, especially when they are ones who directly affected by climate change forest...

RESULTS: Fifty-five participants (31 patients and 24 parents) completed all questionnaires, 98.2% preferred active involvement in therapeutic decision-making. The SDM-Q-9 scores, assessed by patients and physicians, were acceptable (mean 68 out of 100). However, the independently assessed OPTION-5 scores were significantly lower (mean 31 out of 100). In the consultations, physicians rarely aske...

Some US states have introduced measures to increase voter participation. I develop a formal model of elections to study how these measures affect political outcomes. I find that at high enough levels, measures to increase turnout lead to candidates converging at the median voter’s ideal point, as candidates switch from choosing policies that motivate their partisan base to competing over centri...

This article uses a microsimulation model to estimate how freezing all remaining private-sector and one-third of all public-sector defined benefit (DB) pension plans over the next 5 years would affect retirement incomes of baby boomers. If frozen plans were supplemented with new or enhanced defined contribution (DC) retirement plans, there would be more losers than winners, and average family i...

Self-criticism of physicians and patient participation are the pillars of modern medical ethics and medical programmes. Patients expect risk minimisation from physicians, mostly without realising how much they could actively do themselves in this respect. But what about the willingness of German people to take risks, how high is it really at present? Direct empirical data are not available, but...

Among the main ethnic groups discussed in the survey are: (1) Dagbani Nanuni and Moore–Gurma of Northern Region; (2) Dagaare – WaliBirifor of Upper West Region; and (3) "Frafra" – Nankani, Talni, Bulsa, Nabit, Kusaal, and Grusi of Upper East Region. Northern Ghana comprises the three northernmost administrative regions of Ghana: the Upper West Region, Upper East Region and Nor...